organelles
which organelle is not membrane boud?
ribosomes
What molecule carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA
What is the cell membrane primarily composed of?
phospholipids
What are the four major types of tissue in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
What anatomical plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?
transverse plane
What is a vacuole?
Storage organelle; stores ions, proteins, nutrients, water
where does translation occur?
ribosome
What term describes the cell membrane's ability to allow some substances to pass through while restricting others?
selectively permeable (semipermeable)
a layer of epithelial cells that appear stacked, but are actually just irregularly shaped would be called
pseudostratified
A cut that divides an individual into equal right and left halves is called
Median
Which organelle modifies, processes, packages, and ships proteins?
Golgi apparatus
Where does transcription occur?
nucleolus
If a cell needs more oxygen, which process would likely increase?
cellular respiration
Which type of tissue must constantly regenerate because it experiences frequent abrasion and interaction with the outside environment?
epithelial tissue
What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
Frontal (coronal) plane
Which organelle is sometimes called the “suicide sac”?
Lysosome
Put these structures/processes in the correct general order for protein production: nucleolus, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, ribosome.
Nucleolus → ribosome → Golgi apparatus → vacuole
proteins in the cell membrane have what 3 possible functions?
transport, receptors, enzymatic activity
what is the strongest and most abundant connective tissue type?
collagen
If a structure is closer to the body's midline than another structure, what term describes its position?
medial
Name the three structures that make up the cytoskeleton.
microtubules, microfilaments, and centrioles
What is the difference between free and bound ribosomes? (be specific)
Free ribosomes are found in the cytosol and generally make proteins used within the cell. Bound ribosomes are attached to the rough ER and generally make proteins destined for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
Give 2 differences between passive and active transport
Passive transport does not require ATP, moves substances down their concentration gradient, and includes processes such as diffusion/osmosis.
Active transport requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient.
Name and briefly describe the four main cell shapes found in epithelial tissue.
Squamous = flat
cuboidal = cube-shaped
columnar = tall/rectangular
pseudostratified = single layer that falsely appears to have multiple layers
A cut that removes an individual's arm would be described as what directional relationship?
lateral (the arm is lateral to the trunk) or sagittal