Electron Transport Chain
What fuels the ETC?
Electrons captured from Glycolysis and The KREBS Cycle
What is required for active transport?
Energy
What are the functions of these 2 organelles- Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Body?
ER- highway of the cells, helps with movement of proteins and creation of proteins (RoughER)
Golgi Body- Packages proteins for transport
What is the main purpose of an enzyme?
To lower the activation energy of a specific reaction
The breaking down of organic molecules through the addition of water molecules
Hydrolysis
What are the names of the proteins that force H+ (Protons) against their gradients to form a Concentration Gradient?
Proton Pumps
If an ion is being forced against its concentration gradient, what type of transport is this?
Active
What are the functions of Vacuoles and Lysosomes?
Lysosomes Recycle and manages wastes
Vacuoles store necessary proteins, minerals, nutrients, water and waste
WHat 3 things can affect an Enzyme's productivity?
pH, Temperature, and Concentration
the movement of chemical ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient
Chemiosmosis
Which organelles utilize an Electron Transport Chain?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
If an Ion is moving from an area of high concentration, to low concentration, what kind of transport is this?
Passive
What are the functions of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts?
Mitochondria- powerhouse, site of ATP synthesis
Chloroplasts- site of photosynthesis, makes sugars, makes Organic materials from Carbon Dioxide and Solar energy
What would happen if an enzyme was damaged at its active site?
It would be unable to catalyze its target reaction
What kind of molecules can pass through a membrane passively, and without the need of a protein?
What is the enzyme in the ETC that is used to force another phosphate onto ADP to create ATP?
ATPSynthase
Active transport is accomplished through the use of what physical structure?
Proteins (Channel, Transport, etc.)
What are the main differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are simpler, they have no nucleus (there DNA is coiled), no membrane bound organelles
On the pH scale- what are the numbers that refer to the acids and bases?
Bonus 100 if you can tell me Neutral.
1-6 Acids, 8-14 Bases. 7 is Neutral
What are 2 pieces of evidence for Endosymbiotic theory?
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have their own DNA. Their DNA is similar to Prokaryotes, they have their own ribosomes, they possess a double membrane
What is the overall purpose of the ETC? And how does it do this?
To create ATP. It does this by systematically breaking down Glucose, and utilizing the energy released to fuel the ETC and ATP Synthesis.
Active Channel Proteins need to have a binding sight for which 2 things?
ATP and whatever they are transporting
What do the following organelles have in common? Mitochondria- Chloroplasts- Endoplasmic Reticulum- Vacuole- Lysosomes.
They are all membrane bound
If a pH is too high or low for ean enzyme, what will probably happen?
The protein will be denatured
What is the name of Mr. Ayala's brother?
Josiah