Unit
When constant exposure to a stimulus leads to decreased sensitivity over time.
For example, you stop noticing the sound of a ticking clock.
Sensory Adaptation
Learning that a zebra is a different animal would require you to adjust your mental framework.
Assimilation or Accommodation
Accommodation
Time during someone's development in which a particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.
Critical Period or Sensitive Period
a phenomenon in which a belief in something causes it to come true
Self-fulfilling prophecy
James is struggling because he is not living in alignment with his true self. He may have made life choices to please others (like his parents or society) rather than following his own passions. This lack of self-actualization is causing his depression, as he feels disconnected from his personal values and purpose. Which perspective?
Humanistic
At which stage of sleep are your brain waves similar to when you are awake?
REM
When a child encounters a zebra for the first time and refers to it as a horse with white stripes it is most likely the child is engaging in which cognitive process?
Assimilation
Consists of different relationships between different microsystems in individual’s lives
Examples: relationship with parents and friends, parents and teacher, if your parents don’t approve of your friends
Mesosystem
A tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors (like ability or effort) and failures to external factors (like luck or difficulty of the task). This bias helps maintain self-esteem.
Actor Observer Bias or Self-serving Bias
Self Serving Bias
Actor-observer bias focuses on how we explain our own actions versus those of others, while self-serving bias focuses on how we explain the outcomes of our actions (positive or negative).
Belief that you have exceptional abilities, wealth, fame, or are famous
Delusion of Grandeur
At what stage of sleep is heartbeat and breathing at its lowest. This is also where tissue repair takes place.
Stage 3
Are mental shortcuts that save time but don’t always lead to the right answer.
Heuristics
Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are.
(one of Erikson Stages)
Identity vs. role confusion
The tendency of an individual to perceive members of an outgroup as more similar to each other than they actually are.
Out group homogeneity
Characterized by an individual’s disregard for the rights of others. (lacking empathy, prone to irrational behaviors, lying, stealing, lack of remorse)
Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
If you add a teaspoon of sugar to some tea with very little sugar already, you'll notice a significant difference in taste, but adding the same teaspoon of sugar to a very sweet glass of tea might not be noticeable.
What law is being described?
Weber's Law
Refers to the tendency to approach a problem using the same strategy that has worked in the past, even if a different approach might be more effective
Mental Set
Reflecting on their lives, older adults may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.
(Erikson Stages)
Integrity vs. despair
use facts to persuade (takes more time and elaboration)
Central Route vs. Peripheral Route
Central Route
Identifying negative thought patterns and beliefs and challenging them to promote healthier more constructive ways of thinking
(cognitive therapy)
Cognitive Restructuring
Regulates mood, sleep, and hunger. (low levels= depression and low levels= aggression
Serotonin
Name these two examples of explicit memories.
A: Personal experience like your first day of school
B: Facts and General Knowledge
A: Episodic
B: Semantic
A premature commitment to visions, values, and goals
(Identity Status Theory)
Identity foreclosure
Agreeing to a free trial makes you more likely to buy the product, if you help your overwhelmed coworker with a few tables you’re more likely to cover her shift when she asks a few days later
Foot in door or Door in Face
Foot in door
Focuses on helping clients identify irrational beliefs and challenges them.
(Treatment of Psychological Disorder)
Rational emotive behavior therapy