Basics of the Body
What is the standard body position called?
Anatomical Position
What is the difference between simple epithelium and stratified epithelium?
Simple epithelium means one layered.
Stratified means more than one layer.
What are the three major layers of the skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
What does a bone cell look like under a microscope?
A tree (tree rings)
What is the largest organ in the human body?
THE SKIN!!!!
What are the three planes of the body and what halves do they split us into?
Frontal: Anterior and posterior sides
Sagittal: Right and left sides
Transverse: Top and bottom halves
Which muscle tissue type is not striated?
Smooth muscle tissue
Name the 5 layers of the epidermis in order from deep to superficial.
Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum
What are the two layers of the dermis?
Reticular
What is the hardest substance in the human body?
Tooth enamel
Name six different directional terms and what they mean
Superior / Inferior
Anterior / Posterior
Supine / Prone
Medial / Lateral
Intermediate
Proximal / Distal
Superficial / Deep
Name four of the seven types of epithelial tissues.
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Transitional epithelium
What are the four cell types found in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel Cells
Langerhans Cells
What are flexure lines?
Flexure lines are dermal folds that occur at or near joints. This is where the dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures, this is to help allow for joint movement.
Why do individuals around the equator have more melanin than those who live around the poles?
Weaker ozone=more UV rays
more UV rays=more melanin
more melanin=darker skin
darker skin=cells better protected from UV rays
Name the Levels of Structural Organization (hint: there is 6)
Chemical level, Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ system, and Organism level
What are three of the five connective tissues covered in class?
Areolar Connective Tissue
Adipose connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue
Dense Regular connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Name the four appendages of the dermis.
Nails, hair/hair follicle, sweat gland, sebaceous gland
How many days does it take for the stratum corneum to rub off?
25-45 days
What is the longest cell in the human body?
Neuron(s)
Define Axial and Appendicular.
Axial:
This is the main axis of the body which includes the head, neck, and trunk.
Appendicular:
This consists of the appendages or limbs, which are attached to the body’s axis
Where is Fibrocartilage found within the body?
Located in the intervertebral discs and joints around the body.
What do the two granule types in the Granulosum help with?
Keratohyaline granules: help form keratin in the upper layers
Lamellated granules: contains a waterproofing glycolipid that is a major factor in slowing water loss across the epidermis
What are the three pigments that give skin its color?
Melanin - yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment
Carotene - yellow to orange pigment
Hemoglobin - pinkish hue
How many organ systems do we have in the human body?
Integumentary -- (11)
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive