Cultural/Environmental Consequences
Ibn Battuta's practiced religion was ____________.
Islam
The Mongol Empire was the main catalyst for the spread of which terrible disease/illness?
Bubonic Plague- AKA the Black Death
When is the deadline to purchase the AP Exam?
November 5th!
True or False: Hindu merchants DOMINATED trade especially in Sub-Saharan Africa
False- Muslim Merchants
What was the environmental feature that aided the travel of merchants along the Indian Ocean?
Monsoon Winds
Name three regions where Zheng He traveled?
East Africa
South East Asia-Indonesia
South Asia- India
West Asia-Arabia
The expansion of the Mongol Empire led to what in China?
The collapse of the Song dynasty
The writings of ______________________ have given historians a good picture of the city of Hangzhou.
Marco Polo
What was Sub Saharan's most precious/valuable export for the Middle East and Europe?
Gold
Also accept- Slaves
True or false: Cattle were traded along the Indian Ocean Trades.
False
What are three characteristics of Champa Rice?
Produced two harvests a year
Flood-resistant
Drought-resistant
What was created after the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan?
The development of khanates in Central Asia
Name the 2 main effects of environmental degradation
Soil Erosion
Deforestation
What role did the city of Kashgar play in the Silk Road?
Kashgar provided food and water to travelers along the Silk Road
Name 3 technological invasions that helped merchants more efficiently trade across the Indian Ocean?
Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Stern rudder, Magnetic Compass.
Why did the Chinese government stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean in the early 1400's?
Their government's concern with domestic problems and frontier security.
What major improvement/change did the Mongols provide to urban centers throughout the Silk Roads?
The availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes
cultural and technological exchange!!
What is syncretism? Name 2 examples
The action, process, or result of combining of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.
Chan Buddhism, Zen Buddhism, Neo Confucianism
Which animals were primarily used to cross the Sahara Desert?
Why were caravansaries around 100 miles apart?
Who created the saddle with the greatest impact on trade?
Camels
Camels needed to drink water every 100 miles
Somalis
The Sultanate of Melacca ended when the _____________________ invaded and conquered the Strait of Melacca in an attempt to control the trade that flowed through it between Europe.
Portugese- Portugal
Name 5 effects of the Bubonic Plague
Decline of urbanization and trade
Labor shortages
Ultimate demise of the Mongol empire
Peasant revolts
Disruption of Mongol-based land routes& Europeans became the “new Mongols” in the Indian Ocean
What and where were the 4 Khanates of the Mongol Empire?
Golden Hordes in the Northeast
Yuan Dynasty or Great Khanate in China
Ilkhanate in the Southeast and Persia
Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia
Where was the new strain of Champa Rice founded in 1012 that cut cultivation time from 180 to 90 days?
What region of the world did bananas come from?
Vietnam then introduced to China in 1012 CE, during the Song Dynasty, after it was sent as a tribute gift
Indonesia- Southeast Asia. Especially the islands of modern-day Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. From there, they spread to South Asia and eventually across the Indian Ocean to East Africa, where they became an important staple crop.
What are 4 major effects of the development and rise of Trans Saharan Trade in the period 1200-1450?
1. Spread of Islam – Muslim merchants and scholars carried Islam across North Africa into West Africa.
2. Growth of West African Kingdoms – Ghana (earlier), Mali, and Songhai to grow wealthy and powerful.
3. Cultural Exchange – Trade brought not just goods but also ideas, architecture, and technologies.
4. Urbanization – Trade encouraged the rise of major cities such as Timbuktu, Gao, and Jenne.
5. Economic Specialization – Different regions focused on producing specific goods: West Africa exported gold, ivory, and slaves; North Africa and the Sahara provided salt, horses, and manufactured goods.
What are 4 major effects of the development and growth of the Indian Ocean Exchange?
The transfer of culture & The transfer of religion: Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism spread widely through merchant communities and port cities, blending with local traditions (e.g., Swahili culture in East Africa).
Growth of Coastal Cities – Trade hubs like Kilwa, Calicut, Malacca, and Zanzibar thrived as wealthy. Formation of Swahili City-States & other port cities
Overall increased demand for goods: silk, gold, species, etc.
Diffusion of Technologies and Ideas – Navigational tools (compass, astrolabe), ship innovations (lateen sail, dhow, junk), and knowledge of monsoon winds spread