Statistics in Genetics
This statistical test is used to determine whether observed genetic data differs significantly from expected results
Chi Square
Body cells (somatic) containing paired chromosomes are described as ____
Diploid
Two heterozygous parents have a child. What is the probability the child is homozygous recessive?
25%
This is the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis
Nondisjunction
The allele that is expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote
Dominant
How are degrees of freedom determined?
Number of categories minus one
A diploid cell contains 40 chromatids after the S phase. How many chromatids would a haploid cell (from the same organism) contain?
20
This is a tool that can be used to determine the likelihood that two alleles are inherited at the same time if they assort independently
Dihybrid Cross
In humans, traits encoded by mitochondrial DNA are inherited through a person’s ____
Mother
A trait that affects mostly males and appears to skip generations is most likely ____
X linked recessive
The null hypothesis for a genetics chi-squared test usually states that ____
Any difference between observed and expected results is due to random chance
A human gamete contains how many chromosomes?
23
A monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes produces what phenotypic ratio?
3:1
What process occurs during meiosis and can separate linked genes?
Crossing Over
This type of inheritance pattern results in both phenotypes being fully expressed
Codominance
Standard deviation is a measure of ____ in a data set
Variation (or spread)
A karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21. This condition is called
Trisomy 21
A person with type O blood has children with someone with type AB blood. What is the likelihood that any of their children will have type O blood?
0
Genes that are nearby on the same chromosome are described as ____
Linked
A trait that is expressed only when two copies of the recessive allele are present follows a ____ inheritance pattern.
Recessive
Chi-Square is appropriate when comparing ____ data, such as offspring counts in genetic crosses
Categorical (count) data
A cell that is missing one copy of a chromosome is described as having ____.
Monosomy
A person with type A blood has a parent with type O blood. What is the person’s genotype?
AO
Offspring that have new combinations of alleles not found in either parent are called ____
Recombinant Genotypes
One gene masking the expression of another gene is called ____
Epistasis