Philosophers
The author of Two Treatise of Government in 1690. He argued that the social contract implied the right, even the responsibility, of citizens to revolt against unjust government.
An economic and political theory that refers to a system of public or direct worker ownership of the means of production.
Socialism
Inventor of the Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves
Those of African and European descent.
Mulattoes
A system of economic protectionism that Adam Smith argued AGAINST.
Mercantilism
Author of Leviathan, 1651. He argued that people's natural state was to live in a bleak world in which life was nasty, brutish, and short. However, by agreeing to a social contract, they gave up some rights to a strong central government.
Thomas Hobbes
A belief in traditional institutions, favoring relaince on practical experience over ideological theories, such as that of human perfectability.
Conservatism
Considered the father of the Factory System. He invented the Water Frame.
Richard Arkwright
Born of European and Indian parents
Mestizos
Rotating different crops in and out of a field each year.
Crop Rotation
Author of The Spirit of Laws 1748. He praised the British government's use of checks on power because it had a Parliament which influenced the American system.
Baron Montesquieu
An economic system in which the means of production, such as factories and natural resources, are privately owned and are operated for profit.
Capitalism
Created a system of interchangable parts for manufacturing firearms for the U.S. Military in 1798.
Eli Whitney
Colonists born in Spain or Portugal
Peninsulares
First adopted by successive entrepreneurs in Britain at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century and later spread around the world. It replaced the "putting-out" system.
Factory System
He was famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties. He campaigned for religious liberty and judicial reform.
Voltaire
Nationalism
Created a version of the Steamship in 1765 that provided an inexpensive way to harness coal power to create steam, which in turn generated energy for machinery in textile factories.
James Watt
Born of European ancestry in the (Spanish) Americas
Creoles
(a development where) Factory owners no longer had to rely on skilled laborers to craft every component of a product. Instead, each worker could focus on one type of task.
Specialization of Labor
A contemporary of Voltaire who expanded on the idea of the social contact as it had been passed down by Hobbes and Locke. his work "The Social Contract" presented the concept of a General Will of a General Population
Jean Jacques Rousseau
A belief in natural rights, constitutional government, laissez-faire economics, and reduced spending on armies and established churches.
Created a monopoly in the Oil Industry in the U.S.
John D. Rockefeller
Middle Class investors who owned machinery and factories where workers produced goods (term used by Socialists/Communists)
Bourgeoisie
Money available to invest in Businesses
Capital