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100
What was the intent of the Patriot Act?
To prevent another terrorist attack.
100
Why did the framers of the Constitution include so many protections for criminal suspects?
When Britain ruled, people did not have these types of protections. Therefore, the founders wanted to create a new government that allowed people to have their liberty.
100

Can students pray in school?

Yes, but it cannot be led by a teacher or administrator. 

100
True or False: A person who burns the US flag as a form of political protest is violating the US Constitution.
False...Texas v. Johnson stated that this action is protected by the US Constitution.
100
Which provision in the 14th Amendment provides the rationale for selectively incorporating the Bill of Rights to the states?
Due Process Clause
200
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
To appease the Anti-Federalists who were worried that the central government would ignore people's basic civil liberties if these liberties were not WRITTEN down for all people to see.
200
How did Gideon v. Wainwright affect civil liberties of criminal suspects?
Forces states to provide legal counsel to people accused of committing a crime. It selectively incorporated the 6th Amendment
200

What precedent did Wisconsin v. Yoder establish?

Government cannot unduly restrict religious exercise unless it has a compelling interest. 

200

Explain the exclusionary rule. For an extra 100, name what case established this rule.

States must follow the exclusionary rule. Mapp v. Ohio

200
Why did many southern states use literacy tests and poll taxes?
These policies were used by many states to prevent Black people from voting after the Civil War.
300
What phrase describes the gradual process of incorporating individual Bill of Right liberties to the states?
Selective Incorporation
300
How did Miranda v. Arizona affect civil liberties of criminal suspects?
The police must tell someone their DUE PROCESS rights after the suspect is detained.
300
Describe the effects of Congress passing Title IX.
Schools receiving federal funding are not allowed to discriminate based upon a student's gender.
300
How are Roe v. Wade and Griswold v. Connecticut similar?
Both cases set and established the precedent that people have privacy rights even though the Constitution does not specifically mention the word.
300

How did D.C. v. Heller and McDonald v. Chicago differ in their decisions?

McDonald v. Chicago selectively incorporated the 2nd Amendment

400

What does the 4th Amendment provide protection for?

Illegal Search or Seizure

400

Explain the meaning of a bill of attainder.

This allows a legislature to formally declare a person guilty without giving them a trial.

400

What Supreme Court decision legalized gay marriage nationally?

Obergefell v. Hodges

400
What is the intent of the Lemon Test?
The Lemon test was created to decide if a government policy violates the establishment clause of the 1st Amendment.
400

What did the 24th Amendment do?

Banned poll taxes

500
What does a writ of habeas corpus force the government to do?
The government must present an arrested person before a judge to learn why they have been arrested by the police.
500
How does FEDERALISM play a role in the use of the death penalty by the states?
Federalism means that powers are divided and shared by the state and national governments. States have the option of using the death penalty, BUT the national government cannot force states to use the death penalty. Therefore, states can create their own forms of punishment that follow the principles of the US Constitution.
500
1. What is the purpose of affirmative action programs? 2. Why are affirmative action programs so controversial?
1. To fix the historical discrimination certain groups of people experienced over many generations. 2. Many people believe that affirmative action programs violate the equal protection clause since the groups that once received discrimination are given an advantage in being hired or admitted to a university.
500
List the precedent created in the Bakke case.
Affirmative action is acceptable, though race/gender can only be a factor in hiring/admitting a person--race/gender can't be the SOLE reason for hiring/admitting a person. Racial quotas were banned--not a narrowly tailored policy to increase diversity.
500

Which two components must the government meet in order to deprive a group of people a fundamental liberty AND/OR discriminate based upon race?

1. The government must have a COMPELLING REASON/INTEREST. 2. The government policy must be NARROWLY TAILORED.