Formal Powers
This fraction of the House and Senate must vote in order to override a Presidential VETO.
What is 2/3?
These directives from the president have the full force of law during his time in office.
What are Executive Orders?
Ratified in 1951, this amendment limits the Presidents to no more than two terms or 10 years in office.
What is the 22nd amendment?
In this document, Alexander Hamilton argues in favor of an single energetic executive.
What is Federalist 70?
These bureaucratic agencies help the President enforce the laws and fall under the jurisdiction of one of the 15 Cabinet departments.
What are Independent Executive Agencies?
In this role, the President oversees the U.S. military, troop movements, and missions.
What is Commander-in-Chief?
If the President cannot get 2/3 of the Senate to agree to ratify his treaty, he may write this up himself and it will have the full force of a treaty while he's in office.
What is an Executive Agreement?
This action taken by Congress required the President to consult Congress within 48 of sending troops overseas. Additionally, the President was limited to keeping troops overseas for no more than 90 days.
What is the War Powers Act (Resolution) of 1973?
Although this person does not need to be confirmed by the Senate, they serve in the White House and are the Chief Spokesperson for the President.
Who is the Press Secretary?
These bureaucratic agencies carry out business-like activities but are owned by the government.
What are government corporations?
These agreements made between the President and another world leader must be ratified by 2/3 of the Senate.
What are treaties?
While not a formal power, the President can use their celebrity and position of power to speak on issues and potentially give their political opponents a hard time.
What is the Bully Pulpit?
Passed in 1964, this authorized "the President to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the United States and to prevent further aggression."
What is the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
Although this person does not need to be confirmed by the Senate, they are one of the most, if not the most important member of the President's team as his closest assistant.
Who is the Chief of Staff?
These bureaucratic agencies regulate some aspect of society and do not fall under the jurisdiction of any of the 15 cabinet departments.
What are independent regulatory commissions?
This occurs if the president has not acted on a bill from Congress within 10 days and Congress adjourns.
What is a Pocket VETO?
An increase in the use of informal powers by the President could be seen as a violation of this Constitutional principle.
What is Separation of Powers and/or Checks and Balances.
This was invoked by Nixon when he was asked to hand over tapes that incriminated him in the Watergate scandal, leading to his resignation.
What is Executive Privilege?
When it became clear that the Senate would have voted to convict and remove Nixon, he took this action before the House could impeach him.
What is Resign?
This term is used to refer to the mutually beneficial relationships that exist between interest groups, congressional committees, and bureaucratic agencies.
What are iron triangles?
Found in Article II, this phrase is used to describe how the Senate checks the President when he seeks to appoint officials or make treaties.
What is Advice-and-Consent?
These disclosures are sometimes added to bills the President signs if he wishes to inform the public that he interprets it in a different way than Congress.
What are signing statements?
Passed in 2001, this authorized the President to use all “necessary and appropriate force” against those whom he determined “planned, authorized, committed or aided” in the September 11 attacks, or who harbored said persons or groups.
What is the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF)?
This term is used to refer to an outgoing politician whose successor has already been chosen.
What is a Lame Duck?
Prior to the passage of the Pendleton Act, this system was used in the hiring of civil servants.
What is the Spoils System?