Constitution
this legal concept means that the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights to the states through the 14th Amendment
What is the incorporation doctrine?
this act originally passed just weeks after 9/11, gives the federal government the power to examine an investigation, investigate or monitor political or religious groups without any connection to a criminal investigation
What is the Patriot Act (2001)?
this amendment ensures the right to counsel in federal court; the amendment was incorporated via this Court case
6th Amendment; Gideon v Wainwright
this goal of NOW was to pass this amendment (which did not pass) which would have made women "equal" to men
What is the Equal Rights Amendment?
this political process occurs once a decade after every census
What is reapportionment?
this clause prohibits the abridgment of respecting citizens' freedom to worship or not to worship as they please
What is the free exercise clause of the 1st amendment (freedom of religion)?
this amendment forbids forced self-incrimination
What is the 5th Amendment?
most cases are settled out of court via a deal struck between a defendant's lawyer and a prosecutor
Plea Bargain
this act requires employers and administrators of public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" and prohibits employment discrimination against people with disabilities
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?
the level of confidence in a sample usually
+/- 2 to 3%
What is sampling error?
This case set the standard for the idea of judicial review giving federal courts the power to rule on the constitutionality of another branch of government
What is Marbury v. Madison?
according to the Court, the police had no probable cause to search this defendant's house thus reinforcing the exclusionary rule
Mapp v Ohio
the Court ruled in this court case that student free speech including but not limited to symbolic speech is protected by the first amendment
Tinker v Des Moines
Plessy v. Ferguson is an example of this type of discrimination/segregation
What is de jure discrimination?
the ideological difference between men and women, especially on social issues
What is the gender gap?
these are the main source of federal aid to state and local governments; these grants can be used only for one of several hundred specific purposes
What are categorical grants?
In Lemon v Kurtzman, the Court found that in order for state funds to be used in a religious institute, it has to pass this assessment.
Lemon test
this case was the first to protect a right to privacy, including a right to family planning between a husband and wife
Griswold v Connecticut
this court case addressed the idea of "affirmative action" in admissions at UC Davis Medical School
What is Regents of UC v Bakke (1978)?
This explains the ways that we acquire our political beliefs and ideals.
What is political socialization?
one key principle of this court case was that the national government has certain implied powers that go beyond its enumerated powers
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
The Federal Trade Commission and laws restrict this type of speech, such as advertising, far more extensively than individual speech
Commercial speech
in this 1973 court case, the Court ruled that women should not be prohibited from having an abortion in any state.
Roe v Wade
In this case, the Court ruled that funding one's own election is a protected form of free speech
What is Buckley v. Valeo (1974)?
favor free market solutions; are supportive of prayer in schools; more likely to support military intervention around the world; favors small government
What is conservative ideology?