These rights are protected by the First Amendment of the US Constitution
What is the freedom of speech, assembly, petition, and press
100
This court case established the principle of Judicial Review
What is Marburry v Madison
100
Measures to give minorities special consideration for hiring, school admission, and so on, designed to overcome past discrimination.
What is affirmative action
100
A motion to end debate in the Senate, it must be approved by sixty votes.
What is cloture
100
A court order requiring that the government show cause for detaining someone and charge him or her with a crime
What is writ of habeas corpus
200
This amendment states that the national government possesses only the powers and rights stated in the Constitution, and that all others not listed are reserved by the states. It is the basis of the principle of federalism.
What is the 10th Amendment
200
This court case confirmed that the national government was more powerful than state governments
What is McCulloch v Maryland
200
The power of the media to determine which issues will be discussed and debated.
What is agenda-setting
200
Powers exercised simultaneously by the states and the federal government.
What is concurrent powers
200
The legal document, issued by the Supreme Court, that orders a lower court to send a case to the Supreme Court for review.
What is writ of certiorari
300
This amendment contains the Due Process and Equal Protection clauses, and is the basis for the idea of Selective Incorporation
What is the Fourteenth Amendment
300
Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce
What is Gibbons v. Ogden
300
Literally, a “friend of the court” brief. A brief submitted to the court by a group not involved in the case; it presents further arguments for one side in the case.
What is amicus curiae brief
300
An opinion issued by a judge who votes with the winning side but disagrees with the majority or plurality opinion
What is concurring opinion
300
An electoral system in which the person with the most votes wins everything (and everyone else loses)
What is winner take all
400
This amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from using poll taxes.
What is the twenty-fourth Amendment
400
Extends to the defendant the right of counsel (6th Amendment) in all state and federal criminal trials regardless of their ability to pay.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright
400
A group, composed of the heads of federal departments and key agencies, that advises the president.
What is the cabinet
400
A situation in which one party controls the presidency, while the other controls at least one house of Congress
What is divided government
400
A member of the leadership of a legislative body responsible for counting votes and connecting the leadership with the rank and file
What is whip
500
This group was against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution without the addition of a Bill of Rights.
What is the anti-federalists
500
Court case which nationalizes the Bill of Rights for the “first” time and establishes the "Incorporation Doctrine"
What is Gitlow v New York
500
Individual freedoms that the government cannot take away, including free speech, freedom of religion, and the rights of the accused.
What is civil liberties
500
A term to describe federalism through most of the nineteenth century, where the federal and state governments each had their own issue areas, which rarely overlapped;
What is dual or layer cake federalism
500
The part of Article VI of the Constitution that specifies that the federal Constitution, and laws passed by the federal government, are the supreme law of the land.