1200-1450 unit 1+2
How were Mongols successful in their victories conquering land?
- military force spilt into units of 10,000, 1000, 100, 10 which made them much more efficient
- better weapon and skill. (they used bows that were slightly longer than traditional bows resulting in it going further)
- they were also amazing horse riders
- use of cannons, gunpowder
Where was Christopher Columbus trying to sail and what was his goal and where did he end off?
thought it was smart to sail West instead of East to reach the Spice Islands.But he found continents instead and opened the transatlantic trade in the Americas
What was the other main commodity that British traded with China other than silver.
opium!!
what is the arms race? Who created the first nuclear bomb?
The United States developed the most advanced devastating technology of the war; namely the atomic bomb
placed both in Japan after WWII (tech king!)
Arms Race: see who makes most destructive bomb
Whats the difference between Sunni and Shia
Shia=Muhammad’s true successor must be a blood relative
Sunni= Muhammad’s true successor can be elected
How were some ways woman in Song China were impacted negatively?
1. stripped of legal rights (her property=her husband's property, is she was divorced; she couldn't remarry)
2. Endured social restrictions; only had access to limited education, made to endure the practice of foot binding
Which religious reform movement did Martin Luther lead and found?
Protestant Reformation
How was Britain able to industrialize more rapidly than other countries?
Massive territory: access to natural resources
Political stability: after war
Rapid population growth: natural production + migration
How did WWI effect Italy and Germany?
Italy: Bitter because they did not receive promised lord grounds
- Treaty of versailles required reparations payments ruined their economy
Forced demilitarization, made them vulnerable
War guilt clause: Germany forced to accept entire blame for the war
How was the Church able to sneakily gain profit
By selling indulgences (shows your sins are forgiven)
What are some transportation technologies in the Indian Ocean?
-magnetic compass: direction
- astrolabe: measure stars
- lateen sail: able to sail and direct wind
- knowldge of monsoon winds: prediction
- improvements in shipbuilding: junks, dhows (used to carry lots of cargo)
The Middle Passage across the Atlantic was brutal as slave ships tried to maximize their cargo holds. Inexperienced captains who did not provision correctly found themselves short on food, sometimes they would throw a number they couldn’t feed or sick slaves. Slaves were sold in slave markets in almost every major port city in the Americas. The use of terror and fear in all the colonies were the norm, Some African slaves gained their freedom, while others became part of controlling slaves.
How does the scientific revolution and enlightenment change people's views of religion in Europe?
Talk abt rationalism: Reason, rather than emotion or any external authority, is the most reliable source of those knowledge.
Questioning and reexamining of the role of religion:
Biblical and religious authority? NO
Rigorous process of reason? YES
Enlightenment thinkers believed it was “revealed religion” revealed by gods and couldn't be questioned
Enlightenment carried authority over god-> people
How was non violence in India shown?
Homespun movement
In protest of Britain’s economic dominance of India’s cotton industry, Gandhi encouraged his followers to boycott British by making textiles and making their own clothes at home (he did this too)
- Salt March
A reaction against the British salt monopoly (worked)
Where was Christopher Columbus's goal to sail to.
Spice Islands
How was Japan and Vietnam able to successfully resist Mongols?
- environment played a key role as the jungles and seas made Mongol style warfare irrelevant
What is one motive for European imperialism and name at least one example of them controlling a territory
-to enrich themselves, to spread Christianity, be the greatest state
Portuguese didn’t just want to participate but also to own and control (by force), set up base in Philippines
Dutch Fluyt helped gain control of the Indian Ocean Trade from Portugal. Used the same methods.
British set up trading posts in Mughal Empire
Why did King Leopold II of Belgium want to conquer the Congo Free State? Why did the government take back control from King Leopold?
He did that because he believed he was “humanitarian”
“Convert the indigenous people to Christianity”
“Bring them the glories of western education”
Ended up just a cover so he can exploit the raw materials. 😣 But then the government found out and took control of Congo themselves. 😀
whats the muslim league?
Muslim League: Muslim feared being marginalized. They created a new state of their own and created Pakistan (place of Muslim minority). Hindus fled South, Muslims fled North
what are the five major concepts of enlightenment?
nature, reason, happiness, liberty, progress
How is the social structure in Sub- Saharan Africa (who rules? who has power?)
- societies were matrilineal where the kinship passed through the mothers side, property was often passed from brother to sister. The society was still patriarchal and women had little political power.
- woman also did not conform to the same standards as muslims living in North Africa or South West Africa.
Effectively explain one of these labor systems: mit'a system, Chattel Slavery, Indentured Servitude, Encomienda System, Hacienda System
Mit'a system:The Inca developed this system in which subjects of the empire were required to provide labor for state projects for a certain number of days per year
Chattel Slavery: laborers were owned and use at the will of the owner race based, slavery became hereditary
Indentured Servitude: sign a contract to work a period of time; 7 years
Encomienda System:coerced indigenous people to work in exchange for food and protection; like feudalism let more similar to slavery (face on controlling population)
Hacienda System: Large agricultural estates owned by elite Spanish where Indigenous laborers were able to work the fields and sell. (focus on economics of food export)
How did woman play a role in the French Revolution
Woman's March (woman march for rights thank you)
WHat is the green revolution
Genetic Modification (GMO) (Introduced to Mexico, india, Indonesia) - was successful
Caused concerns on environmental farmsFarmers were encouraged to double crops and plant more than one in a single soil per year, which is how more food is produced. But that kind of intensive use of the soil led to exhaustion and erosion
With the new chemicals it caused runoff and pollution
what was the name of the monk that helped Czar Nickolas II's wife?
Rasputin