Unit 1
What was Champa rice, and how did it effect China
quick maturing rice that allowed 2 harvests in 1 season.
led to increase of population in China, helped economy
what is Confucianism
ethical and philiosophical system in china, sought to minimize conflicts by emphazing obedience to supierors, honor, and virtue
what were the crusades
series of holy wars. led by western euro christians to regain control of holy lands from the muslims. did not sucseed, but sucseeded in spreading their relgion and influence.
what was the columbian exchnage
name 3 things traded in the columbian exchnage
an exchange of goods, ideas, and skills from the old world (afroeurasia) to the new world ( N. + S. America) y vice versa
potatoes, corn, tomatoes, cacao, tobacco, chili peppers, vanilla, pumpkins, avocados, peanuts, cassava, turkeys, llamas and syphilis
horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, bananas, citrus fruits, grapes, olives, barley, wheels, steel tools, guns, christianity, new farming technquies, small pox, measles, influencia, malaria, yellow fever, plague
describe industrilization and the idustrial revolution
-the process of developing machine production of goods
- a change that began in Britian in the 18th to 19th century where more innovations in machinery were made along with more incorporation of facteries. some places were more slow to industrilize, and western europe grew more in power and took over their power (china, ottomans, latin america)
What was the main Chinese dynasty during this time (1200-1450) and how were they significant
Song Dynasty
the "golden age" of china
introduced many key inventions during this time; magnetic compass, they had a navy, paper money and gun powder
what is filial piety (bonus points for pronunciation)
(FIL-ee-uhl PY-uh-tee )
the confucian beleife that one should obey older family members and pay respects to ancestors
who were the ottomans
turks who had come to anatolia and conquered constantinople and changed the name to Istanbul. they converted to islam
what were the east india companies
British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained goverment monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independly in their regions
how did enlightenment effect the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the Haitian Declaration, and the Declaration of independence
The Enlightenment provided the core intellectual, philosophical, and moral framework—specifically natural rights, social contract theory, and equality—that defined the declarations, it gave justification for defining new, sovereign states.
While the American and French documents initially limited these rights (often excluding women or enslaved people), the Haitian declaration acted as a, arguably, more radical application of the same Enlightenment principles of universal human rights.
explain feudalism
politcal system where nobles are granted the use of land that legally belongs to the king (or emperor in japan) in exchange for their loyatly, military service, and protection for people who live on the land
what is Judaism
a relgion with beleif of 1 god. originated with a agreement between god and abrham and his descendants the hebrew people. holy book=torah
exsplain the shia and the sunni, and the reason for the split
Shia-branch of islam, centered on the belief that leadership should have passed from Prophet Muhammad to his cousin and son-in-law, Ali
Sunni- largest branch, beleived in the leadership of the first 4 caliphs were the rightful sucsessros (ottomans were sunni)
the split came from the disagreement of who should have been the rightful sussessor to muhammad
decribe the jannisaries role in the ottoman empire
young boys were giving up from the Balkans to be a member of Turkish infantry forming the sultans guard. serving as the Sultan's household troops, bodyguards, and the first modern standing army in Europe, crucial for military expansion through discipline, firearms, and loyalty, but later becoming a powerful, corrupt political force that influenced governance and even overthrew sultans before their abolition in 1826.
what was the Meiji Restoration
BONUS: WHO WAS MY BOY JOHN LOCKE
period of swift modernization and reform for Japan induced by Emperor Meiji. European Ideals adopted and applied, bringing outstanding social, government, and economic reforms as well as inducing the country's change from isolation to imperialist
ENGLIGHTENMENT THINKER WHO BELEIVED EVERYONE IS EQUAL AND CAN GAIN KNOWLEDGE EQUALLY
explain vassal, serf, and fief
Vassal- person under protection of a feudal lord to whom they owe allegiance
Serf- a agricultural laboror bound under feudal system to work on their lords estate
Fief- land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchnage for loyatly and service
Qin Shihuangdi/ Qin Dynsasty
(define + exsplain)
the guy who unified china, becoming the first emporoer of a unified nation (the terrocota army guy) and he started the great wall
the Qin dynasty-the first unified, centralized imperial empire in Chinese history. the dynasty collapsed shortly due to harsh laws, heavy taxation, and widespread rebellions.
Explain the Abbasid empire and its achievements
powerful Islamic caliphate that overthrew the Umayyads, shifting power east to its new capital, Baghdad. Islamic Golden Age of scientific, cultural, and intellectual growth. advancements in math, medicine, astronomy, and philosophy. maintained unity and Islamic culture and civilization flourished
who was martin luther and the 95 theses
German munk, most famous critic of the roman catholic church. wrote 95 theses attacking the church practices. he led the protestand reformation.
What is Imperialism and describe the Scramble for Africa
-Imperialism is a superpower exstending its reach to less powerful areas usually in the forms of colonies or protectorates-the scramble for africa was a phrase used to describe the rush to take land in Africa, to imperialize, exstract raw materials, set up colonies, and spread christinainy.
describe and explain 3 different types of coercive labor
Mi'ta system - ecocnomic system in Inca where people paid taxes with labor and what they produced (yearly)
Serfdom - serfs were tied to the land, couldnt leave or marry w/o lords permission. agricultural labor (W. europe and russia)
Tribute system - Aztecs, Aztec rulers required conquered city-states to pay tribute in the form of goods (food, clothing) and, at times, human labor for building and service.
Slavery - chattel slavery, often involving prisoners of war, debtors, or people taken from outside empire
Who was Socrates
orrrrrrr
exsplain greek rationalism
Sorcrates - athenian phioliospoher who beleived in honest lives, and that honor was more important then wealth, fame or matierial items.
greek rationalism - system of scientific and philiosophic thought that emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms
Explain the shogunate
or
Explain the samurai and the bushido
Shogun- hereditary military dictator of Japan. lost power when Japan's power got more centralized. technically they answered to the emperor but as they took control of the military they gained their own power
Samurai/bushido - Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy. the Bushido was the strict code of behavior followed by samurai warriors
what was the protestant reformation?
a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. called out the corruption of the church.
Describe nationalism, social darwinism and enlightenment
Nationalism- state feeling partiotic pride and devoution (unification of italy etc.) Ex. america lol
Social Darwinism- the beleif that only the fittist survive in human political and economic struggle
Englightenment- a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions