Political and Social Pre Westerners.
Who were the Scholar Gentry:
Elite, Educated, Bureaucratic, Landowning social class.
Achieved status through imperial examination system (meritocracy).
Conservative and aimed for prioritize traditional Confucian teaching.
What war fits this description: Westerners interacted violently with China in these wars which led to high casualties. Britain wanted to continue to sell drugs in China and attacked when China rebelled.
Opium Wars
What step did the Chinese take to keep their independence?
Self Strengthening policies.
What religion is this:
center, officialy state ideology and the basis ofimperial civil service exam
Emphasized filial piety, social heirachary and themandate of heaven
Confucianism
Who fits this discription:
commissioner who tried to stop trade
Lin Zexu
What were the four classes in China?
Shi, Nong, Gong, Shang
What uprising fits this description :
(1850-1864) Peasant revolt. leaders rejected Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. primary ideology in a unique form of Christianity.nHakka Women
Taiping uprising
Why were the policies created?
overall fears of conservative leaders that urban, industrial, or commercial development would erode power and privilege of landlord class.
What religion is this :
Widley practiced across all social classes
Quing emperors used Tibetan Buddism to maintainalliances with Mongol and Tibetan leaders
Daoism
Who was a key player in the Taiping Uprising (1850-1864)
Hong Xiuquan
Why did the Manchu-Han Dynasty struggle?
Population serge, internal instability, ideological rigidity.
What group fits this description:
(1898-1901) The Boxers. Anti-Christian. Anti-European. Anti-Foreigner. Crushed by Japan and Western Powers.
Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.
Adopting Western Technology
Building modern arsenals
Shipyards.
Modernized Navy
What religion is this:
Focused on harmony
Deeply influenced popular folk religion, alchemy andmedicine
Buddhism
What territories did China loose in the second opium war?
Vietnam, Korea, Taiwan
What was the Canton System
Qing Policy restricting all maritime trade with Westerners to Guangzhou(Canton)
What type of resistances fits this description:
Banditry grew as taxes increased. Economic situation and opium crisis fueled unrest
Bandit Gangs and Peasant Resistance
In what ways did these policies seek to modernize China?
Expanded coal mines
Instated telegraph systems
Established few industrial factories
Produced textiles, steel
What ideology is this:
Sun Yat-sen- Three Principals of people: Nationalism,Democracy, and Livelihood
Rise in Nationalism
Wanted to overthrow the Quing Dynasty
Western/Modern
What caused Japan and China to send troops to Korea?
Rebellions in Korea
What is Sinocentrism?
View that places China as cultural, political, and economic center of the world.
What type of societies fits this description:
National Rejuvenation Study Society, Society to Protect the Nation, Understand the National Shame Society. Promoted nationalism and resistance to foreign influence
Nationalist Study Societies
Why did these Chinese policies fail?
Bureaucratic corruption causedfunds to be diverted from militarymodernization to unnecessary projects such as rebuilding SummerPalace.
Reforms were mainly technological rather than political or social.
What religion is this:
Vital force especially among Jui and Turkic people inNW China
Occasional major ethnic and religious uprisings
Islam
Who was Kang Youwei
A reform thinker who led the Hundred Days Reform