Humans & the Environment
How did the Green Revolution change the environment?
-led to new crop varieties, new fertilizers, new pesticides, and new irrigation technologies
Describe one continuity in how the Song and the Ming Dynasties justified their rule in China
-Re-emphasis on Confucianism (filial piety)
-Built a robust imperial Bureaucracy (civil service exam)
-Commissioned massive works of art such as scrolls and imperial portraits
Identify and explain one tax collection system used by a state in the period 1450-1750
Tax Farming System in the Ottoman Empire
Zamindars in the Mughal Empire
Blood Tax in the Aztec Empire
Mita System in the Incan Empire
Name one invention from each of the two industrial revolutions
1st: Waterframe, Spinning Jenny/Cotton Gin, Interchangeable Parts, Steam Engine, Steamships/Locomotives
2nd: Steel (Bessemer Process), Crude Oil (Gasoline & Kerosene), Internal Combustion Engine (Automobiles), Telegraph and Telephone
Give an example of how arts, entertainment, or popular culture increasingly reflects the influence of a globalized society in the period 1900-present
Music: Reggae, K-Pop, Jazz
Movies: Hollywood AND Bollywood
Sports: World Cup Soccer, the Olympics
Name two ways in which the Mongols changed the environment of Eurasia
-Spread the bubonic plague
-Lowered the global temperature with death
-Their horses trampled/ate agricultural crops that were not replanted, defoliating large swaths of land
-Mongol hunts also lowered wildlife populations
Name one NEW state that arose out of the disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate
-Delhi Sultanate in Northern India
-Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt
-Ottoman Empire in Turkey
Identify one similarity and one difference between Mercantilism and Capitalism
Similarities: involves global trade, involves multinational corporations, both benefit from coerced labor
Differences: fixed pie vs unlimited wealth, paper money vs gold, mercantilism doesnt involve real free trade, mercantlism is run by governments
What is the technology that allowed for the spread of new land based states in the period 1450-1750 (and name one example)
Gunpowder
Ottoman, Mughals, Ming Dynasty, Safavids, Russia
Name an example of syncretic religion which spread in the time period 1200-1450
-Neo-Confucianism
-Sikhism
-Zen Buddhism
Name one example of how imperialism turned conquered lands into resource export economies for their mother country's
Cotton production in Egypt and India
Rubber extraction in the Congo
The palm oil trade in West Africa and Southeast Asia
The guano industry in Peru and Chile
Meat from Argentina and Uruguay
Diamonds from Africa
Name two examples of monumental architecture used to legitimize government rule (& name the goverments)
Palace of Versailles in France
Shah Mosque in Iran
Taj Mahal in India
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul
Tenotichlan in Mexico
Great Wall in China
Identify the originator of laissez faire capitalism and explain two limitations AS WELL AS two benefits of it as an economic system
Limitations: Benefits from slavery, doesnt usually protect workers, values corporations over people, often leads to environmental destruction
Benefits: gives consumers maximal choices and freedom, lifts nations out of poverty, businesses are encouraged to achieve maximal efficiency, goods are manufactured that people actually want
Identify one new technology or intellectual development made by Arabic people in the period 1200-1450
-Algebra
-Lateen sail and astrolabe
-Medical advances (doctors licenses & standardized treatment procedures)
Name a religious AND a racial justification for imperialism during the period 1750-1900
Religious: civilizing mission (white mans burden)
Racial: social darwinism and nationalism
Name three environmental impacts of the Colombian Exchange
Spread of diseases such as smallpox & measles
Horses are brought to the Americas
Popular crops are brought back to Eurasia (yams, potatoes, tomatoes, etc.)
Americas become full of cash crops
Introduction of invasive species into the Americas such as earthworms
Name three different examples of indigenous resistance to imperialism, from two different continents in the period 1750-1900
Americas: Tupac Amaru II in Peru, Ghost Dance in the US, Cherokee Nation, Sioux, Comanche, etc.
Africa: Zulu, Mahdist revolt, Xhosa cattle-killing movement, Samory
Asia: Sepoy rebellion, New Zealand Wars
Describe two differences between the Trans-Saharan trade route and the Silk Roads (not counting location)
-Saharan routes were traveled mostly by Muslims, Silk Roads were much more religiously diverse
-Silk Roads required horses and caravanserais, Saharan route required camels
-Silk Roads are famous for silk and porcelain, Saharan routes are famous for gold & salt
-Silk Roads were controlled by the Mongols, Saharan routes were controlled by the Empire of Mali (Mansa Musa)
Name two new technologies that changed the way the 1st World War was fought AND two new technologies that changed the way the 2nd World War was fought
WW1: chemical weapons, machine guns, artillery shells, barbed wire, submarines
WW2: tanks, planes, mobile vehicles, atomic bombs
Identify and describe three consequences of the Protestant Reformation
Does a lot to spread Christianity as a whole
Leads to many religious wars in Europe
Churches are reformed (pews, commonly spoken language, ends simony/indulgences)
Weakens the pope & the Roman Catholic Church
Germany and England remain primarily Protestant to this day
Give three reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in England AND identify two consequences it had on their environment
Causes: waterways, iron and coal reserves, foreign resources from their colonies, protection of private property, extra capital
Consequences: air pollution, urbanization, water pollution, creation of canals
Identify and explain one capitalist and one communist examples of government led land redistribution during the Cold War (1900-present). ALSO provide a thesis about which system works better
Capitalist: White revolution in Iran, Kerala in India
Communist: Vietnam and Cuba
Identify and explain three different responses to the Great Depression
US: responded with deficit spending and the New Deal
USSR: responded with 5 year plans and collectivization
Italy & Germany: responded with fascistic corporatism
Identify at least two examples of how technology has changed the spread and/or fatality rates of major diseases in the period 1900-present
Medical technology extends lifespans, leading to a rise in diseases associated with old age (alzheimers and heart disease)
The development of vaccines has totally eliminated diseases such as smallpox, polio, and measles
The development of penicillin has made infections easily survivable for the first time ever
The development of medications has made AIDS survivable for those who can afford the medication
Identify and explain three revolutions in the period 1750-1900 motivated by three different aspects of Enlightenment thought
Enlightenment inspires abolitionism (Haitian Rev)
Social Contract/Natural Rights (American and French Rev)
Enlightenment inspires nationalism (Bolivarian revolution, New Zealand Wars)