WWI
What were the MAIN causes of WW1?
- Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism
What sparked WWII?
Germany was upset they had to pay reparations for WW1. Experienced economic and political instability. The League of Nations failed and there was a quest for resources.
During the Industrial Revolution, which energy source largely replaced human and animal labor in factories?
Coal
Who led the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution of 1917?
Vladimir Lenin
What was the IMMEDIATE cause of WWI?
The Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
What changes were made to warfare from WWI-->WWII?
Aerial bombardment, increased nuclear warfare, poison gas
Give two social effects of early industrialization in European cities.
Urbanization, poor working and living conditions, growth of middle class, public health problems.
What slogan or promise did revolutionary leaders use to gain support from peasants and workers in either the Russian or Chinese revolutions?
"Land, Peace, and Bread" (Russia) or promises of land reform/peasant rights (China).
What was the primary purpose of trench warfare on the Western Front, and how did it influence casualty numbers and the pace of the war?
Trench warfare aimed to protect soldiers from small-arms and artillery fire, leading to stalemate and very high casualties.
What 1941 event directly led to the United States declaring war on Japan?
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)
Describe the relationship between industrialization and the expansion of European political power overseas.
Industrialized states sought raw materials and markets, using military/naval power to secure colonies and trade routes.
Briefly summarize one cause of the 1917 Russian Revolution and one immediate political outcome.
military defeats, economic hardship, weak tsarist governance; Outcome: end of tzarist rule, Bolshevik seizure of power.
Name two major alliance systems in Europe before World War I and give one country from each.
Triple Entente (e.g., France, Russia, Britain) and Triple Alliance/Central Powers (e.g., Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy—Italy later switched).
How was WWII a total war?
Mobilized an entire nation's resources-increase in civilian casualties
Analyze one technological innovation and one economic change that together accelerated global industrial capitalism between 1750–1900.
Innovation: steam engine; Economic change: expansion of global markets/finance and mechanized production — together sped industrial capitalism.
Explain the key differences between the Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang) and the Chinese Communists in goals or support bases during the early 20th century.
Kuomintang: nationalist, often urban, middle-class support, favored central government; Communists: peasant-based, land reform, revolutionary mobilization.
What did it signify when women gave men a white feather?
That they were weak. Encouraged participation in the war.
What is "Lebensraum" according to Hitler's quest for resources?
Living space
How did the Columbian exchange affect demographics in the "old world"?
Potatoes increased food supply-> increased health-> increased life span and population
What were the main impacts of collective farming?
Environmental damage and demographic decline (Famine and Drying up Aral Sea)