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100
Tsar Alexander II ended rigorous serfdom in Russia in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land.
What is the emancipation of the serfs?
100
Fought between 1854-1856; began as Russian attempt to attack Ottoman Empire; Russia opposed by France and Britain as well; resulted in Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to Russian reforms under Tsar Alexander II.
What is the Crimean War?
100
American commodore who visited Edo Bay with American fleet in 1853; insisted on opening ports to American trade on threat of naval bombardment; won rights for American trade with Japan in 1854.
Who is Matthew Perry?
100
Right of people in a region to determine whether to be independent or not.
What is self-determination?
100
True or False: Because of all the depletion or resources and manpower needed for WWI, the imperial economies were also depleted in Africa and Asia.
What is True?
200
Placed severe restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the concessions granted under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919.
What is the Rowlatt Act?
200
Political group seeking abolition of all formal government; formed in many parts of Europe and Americas in late 19th and early 20th centuries; particularly prevalent in Russia, opposing tsarist autocracy and becoming a terrorist movement responsible for assassination of Alexander II in 1881.
What are anarchists?
200
This heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated to start WWI.
Who is Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
200
Grew out of regional associations of Western-educated Indians; originally centered in cities of Bombay, Poona, Calcutta, and Madras; became political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed through most of post colonial period.
What is National Congress Party?
200
Constructed in 1870s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; completed by the end of the 1880s; brought Russia into a more active Asian role.
What is the trans-Siberian railroad?
300
Believed that nationalism in India should be based on appeals to Hindu religiosity; worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient Hindu traditions; offended Muslims and other religious groups; first populist leader in Indian nationalist movement.
Who is B.G. Tilak?
300
National parliament created in Russia in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II; failed to forestall further revolution.
What is duma?
300
Western term for perceived threat of Japanese imperialism around 1900; met by increased Western imperialism in region.
What is yellow peril?
300
Russian term denoting articulate intellectuals as a class; 19th century group bent on radical change in Russian political and social system; often wished to maintain a Russian culture distinct from that of the West.
What is intelligentsia?
300
Agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized the Stolypin and later NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land.
What are kulaks?
400
Reforms introduced by the Russian interior minister Piotyr Stolypin intended to placate the peasantry in the aftermath of the Revolution of 1905; intended reductino in redemption payments, attempt to create market oriented peasantry.
What are the Stolypin reforms?
400
Literally, the majority party; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution; actually a minority in the Russian Marxist political scheme until its triumph in the 1917 revolution.
What are Bolsheviks?
400
Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe.
What is the Holy Alliance?
400
Founded by Theodor Herzl to promote Jewish migration to and settlement in Palestine to form a Zionist state.
What is the World Zionist Organization?
400
Class of prosperous business and professional urban families in khedival Egypt; as a class generally favored Egyptian independence.
What is effendi?
500
Commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan to teach reading, writing, and the rudiments of Confucianism; resulted in high literacy rate
What is terakoya?
500
Local political councils created as a a part of reforms of Tsar Alexander II; gave some Russians, particularly middle-class professionals, some experience in government; councils had no impact on national policy.
What are zemstvoes?
500
Group of Japanese scholars interested in implications of Western science and technology beginning in the 17th century; urged freer exchange with West; based studies on few Dutch texts available in Japan.
What are Dutch studies?
500
Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as part of the process of industrialization.
What is zaibatsu?
500
Russian minister of finance from 1892-1903; economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged Western investors to build factories in Russia.
Who is Sergei Witte?