Political
Which group established the Qing Dynasty after the fall of the Ming Dynasty?
The Manchu people
What goods did China primarily trade on the Slik Road?
Silk, Porcelain, Tea, Spices, Paper, and Gunpowder
What was foot binding and what did it represent in society?
A painful practice for elite women symbolizing status and femininity.
Which major maritime expeditions were conducted during the early Ming Dynasty?
The voyages of Zheng He
What was the Boxer Rebellion and how did it impact China?
An anti-Western uprising (1899–1901) that increased foreign control and weakened the Qing.
What is the Mandate of Hevean Confucianism?
The belief that a ruler's right to govern is granted by Heaven and depends on their ability to rule justly and effectively. If a ruler becomes corrupt or ineffective, the Mandate is revoked, and a new leader may rise.
What was flying cash and how did it help Silk Road traders?
A form of paper money that allowed merchants to avoid carrying coins, making trade safer and faster.
What was the role of the scholar-gentry class in Ming and Qing China?
The scholar-gentry played a key role in governance, which served as educated officials, upheld Confucian values, managed China’s bureaucracy
How did the Grand Canal impact transportation in China?
It linked north and south China, improving trade and grain transport.
What is Champa rice and why was it important for agriculture?
A fast-growing rice from Vietnam; allowed multiple harvests and fed population growth.
What was the role of the scholar-gentry class in Ming and Qing China?
The scholar-gentry were educated elites who passed the imperial civil service exams and held government positions. They played a major social and political role by administering the bureaucracy, advising the emperor, and maintaining Confucian values throughout society. They were influential in both governance and cultural life.
What was the Ming tax system and what problems did it cause?
Land-based taxes and labor service led to corruption and peasant burden, contributing to unrest.
What is Neo-Confucianism and how was it syncretic?
It blended Confucian ethics with Buddhist and Daoist ideas of the self and nature.
How did the compass improve Chinese maritime power?
Helped navigators explore and trade more safely across seas.
Describe the rise and fall of the Song Dynasty
The Song experienced a golden age of innovation and trade but fell due to invasions by the Jin and Mongols.
How did the Ming and Qing dynasties show both continuity and change?
Both used Confucianism and imperial exams, but the Qing were Manchu rulers with expansionist policies and cultural changes.
How did Mao try to modernize China’s economy and what happened?
Through the Great Leap Forward with communes; it caused famine and millions of deaths
How did the Manchu rulers change Chinese society during the Qing?
They imposed cultural practices like queue hairstyles while adopting Confucianism, leading to both tension and integration
How did gunpowder impact Chinese military strength and global warfare?
Enabled weapons like bombs and rockets; spread globally and changed warfare.
What was a meritocracy? Was China truly a meritocracy?
A meritocracy is a system in which people are selected and promoted based on their abilities, skills, and achievements, rather than factors like social class, wealth, or family connections.Although China did try to create a meritocracy they did not have a perfect meritocracy.
Ethnic tension or the constant danger of famine
What were two economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping and their effects?
Land leases and market liberalization led to agricultural surplus, foreign investment, and rapid growth.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act and why was it passed?
A U.S. law banning Chinese immigration due to racism and labor fears; lasted from 1882 to 1943.
What environmental or technological factors made the Song Dynasty a golden age?
Innovations like printing, gunpowder, the compass, and increased trade and city growth.
Describe the goals and results of the Cultural Revolution.
Aimed to revive revolutionary fervor; caused chaos, destroyed traditions, and purged dissent.