Ottomans and Mughals
Extensive control over Indian Ocean trade routes
Mughal
What was the transportation of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas, primarily during the 16th to 19th centuries.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Practiced the millet system allowed religious autonomy for non-Muslim communities.
Ottomans
Name one economic cause of exploration
Desire for new trade routes to Asia to bypass Ottoman and Venetian intermediaries.
Search for gold, spices, and other valuable resources.
Growth of capitalism and mercantilism driving expansion.
Who was the first to reach India by sea around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope?
Vasco da Gama (1498)
Used the Devshirme system for recruiting Janissaries.
Ottomans
What was one effect the slave trade had on Africa?
Population loss and demographic disruption.
Increased warfare due to demand for captives.
Political rivalries between what two empires intensified the split within Islam between Sunni and Shi’a.
Ottoman and Safavid Empires
Name one political cause of exploration.
Competition among European states for power and prestige.
Monarchs seeking to expand territories and influence overseas.
Desire to spread Christianity and gain converts.
A type of ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, known for its speed and maneuverability.
Caravel
What three regions were the Ottoman empire located in?
Southern Europe, Middle East, and North Africa
What was the major destination (country) for the majority of slaves.
Brazil (40%)
Persian-based society with a diverse population of Persians, Turks, and others.
Safavid Empire
Name one technological cause of exploration
Advances in navigation: compass, astrolabe, improved maps.
Development of the caravel enabling long ocean voyages.
Knowledge from previous travelers and maritime experiences.
A powerful trading company chartered by the British crown in the 17th century, which played a key role in the colonization of India
British East India Company
Development of extensive architecture, such as the Taj Mahal.
Mughal
Name one resistance organized by enslaved peoples in the Americas
Maroon Societies: Escaped enslaved people formed free communities (e.g., Jamaica)
Palmares (Brazil): A large, multi-ethnic maroon community that resisted Portuguese attacks
Haitian precursors: Early resistance paved the way for later revolutions
An event that marked a break with existing Christian traditions and contributed to the growth of Christianity
Protestant Reformation
What was the name of the island that Columbus landed on?
Hispaniola
A powerful feudal lord in Japan who played a central role in the country's unification during the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Name two tax-collection systems used by the Ottomans or Mughals
Mughal zamindar tax collection
Ottoman tax farming
Name one labor system used in the Americas (not slavery)
Mit’a (Incan tribute labor)
Chattel slavery
Encomienda and hacienda systems
Indentured servitude
Name one way rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires
Qing Imperial Portraits
Aztec human sacrifice
taxation through tribute systems
Who is credited with circumnavigating the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan (though he didn't actually live the whole trip)
What was the Spanish labor system established in the 16th century during the colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. It granted Spanish colonizers the right to demand labor and tribute from the Indigenous peoples living on specific land grants.
encomienda system