Unit 3
"This Spanish conquistador led the expedition that resulted in the fall of the Aztec Empire in 1521."
Who is Hernán Cortés?
"This Italian astronomer used the telescope to observe Jupiter's moons and supported the heliocentric model of the solar system."
Who is Galileo Galilei?
"This document, adopted in 1776, declared the thirteen colonies independent from British rule and outlined the principles of natural rights."
What is the Declaration of Independence?
"This British textile invention of 1769 allowed a single worker to spin multiple threads simultaneously and accelerated the Industrial Revolution."
What is the spinning jenny?
"This vast trade network connected China, India, the Middle East, and Europe, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and religions from 200 BCE onward."
What is the Silk Road?
"This German monk's 95 Theses challenged Church authority and sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517."
Who is Martin Luther?
"This trade system forced millions of Africans into slavery and connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas through the exchange of goods and people."
What is the Triangular Trade?
"This 1884-1885 conference divided Africa among European powers without African input, establishing colonial boundaries that persist today."
What is the Berlin Conference?
"This demographic shift occurred in Europe during the 19th century as millions migrated to cities for factory work, transforming society and creating urban overcrowding."
What is urbanization?
"This Chinese dynasty built the Grand Canal connecting northern and southern China, facilitating internal trade and communication."
What is the Sui Dynasty?
"This East African city-state became a major trading hub for gold, ivory, and spices, blending Arab, Persian, and African cultures."
What is Kilwa?
"This French king famously said 'L'État, c'est moi' (I am the state) and built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of absolute power."
Who is Louis XIV?
"This period of violence during the French Revolution (1793-1794) saw the execution of thousands, including King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette."
What is the Reign of Terror?
"This Chinese secret society led the 1900 uprising against foreign imperialism and Christian missionaries in China."
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
"This 1945 conference between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin determined post-World War II territorial divisions and established the United Nations."
What is the Yalta Conference?
"This Mughal emperor commissioned the construction of the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal."
Who is Shah Jahan?
"This English philosopher argued that humans are born as a 'blank slate' and that knowledge comes from experience and observation."
Who is John Locke?
"This British inventor created the steam engine, which revolutionized transportation and manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution."
Who is James Watt?
"This system allowed wealthy nations to control poorer nations' economies through debt, trade agreements, and resource extraction without direct political control."
What is economic imperialism (or neo-colonialism)?
"This African empire controlled the trans-Saharan gold trade and was known for the wealth and Islamic scholarship of its capital, Timbuktu."
What is the Mali Empire?
"This Persian scholar and mathematician developed algebra and wrote influential works on astronomy during the Islamic Golden Age."
Who is Al-Khwarizmi?
"This French philosopher wrote 'The Social Contract' and argued that government power comes from the consent of the governed."
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
"This Venezuelan military leader, known as 'El Libertador,' led independence movements across South America and liberated six nations."
Who is Simón Bolívar?
"This 1868 revolution modernized Japan, abolished feudalism, and transformed it into an imperial industrial power competing with Western nations."
What is the Meiji Restoration?
"This South African policy of racial segregation lasted from 1948-1994 and was dismantled by anti-apartheid movements and international pressure."
What is apartheid?