Unit 1 + 2
Based on an alternative kind of food producing economy focused on the raising of livestock, they emerged in the afro-eurasian world where settled agriculture was difficult or impossible. These peoples often led their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location.
Pastoral Society
This good used for dishes and pots was traded along major trade routes in Eurasia was developed during the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century. Was developed in China during the 16th century BC in the middle of the Shang Dynasty.
Porcelain
Slave rebellion in the British West Indies (1831-1832) inspired by the Haitian Revolution, in which around 60,000 slaves attacked several hundred plantations; the discontent of the slaves and the brutality of the British response helped sway the British public to support the abolition of slavery.
Great Jamaica Revolt (1831-1832)
A new kind of racism that emerged in the nineteenth century that increasingly used the prestige and apparatus of science to support European racial prejudices and preferences.
Scientific Racism
A massive Chinese rebellion against the ruling Qing Dynasty that devastated much the country from 1850 to 1864; it was based on the millenarian teachings of Hong Xiuquan.
Taiping Uprising (1850-1864)
A sect that believes all the core tenets of Islam (a monotheistic faith system, an infallible God, etc.). The core difference from the other form of Islam is their belief that only Prophet Muhammad's direct descendants can be leaders of the Islamic faith.
Shi'a
In East African civilization that emerged in the 8th Century CE as a set of commercial city-states linked into the Indian Ocean trading network. Combining African Bantu and Islamic cultural patterns, these competing city-states accumulated goods from the interior and exchanged them for the products of distant civilizations.
Swahili Civilization
The focusing of citizens' loyalty on the notion that they are part of a "nation" with a unique culture, territory, and destiny; first became a prominent element of political culture in the nineteenth century.
Nationalism
System of forced labor used in the Netherlands East Indies in the nineteenth century; peasants were required to cultivate at least 20 percent of their land in cash crops, such as sugar or coffee, for sale at low and fixed prices to government contractors, who then earned enormous profits from further sale of the crops.
cultivation system
Group of would-be reformers in the mid-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire that included lower-level officials, military officers, and writers; they urged the extension of Westernizing reforms to the political system. They would inspire future movements such as the Young Turks.
Young Ottomans
An understanding of the Islamic faith that saw the worldly success of Islamic civilization as a distraction and deviation from the pure spirituality of Muhammad's time.
Sufism
A term used to describe the network of trade that linked parts of the pre- Columbian Americas; although less intense and complete than the Afro-Eurasian trade networks, this web nonetheless provided a means of exchange for luxury goods and ideas over large areas.
American Web
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Social Contract
Political ideology that considered the conflict of nations to be the driving force of history; marked by the intense nationalism and appeal to post-World War I discontent. This political system praised violence against enemies as a renewing force in society, celebrated action rather than reflection, and placed their faith in a charismatic leader.
Fascism
Ottoman sultan, 1876-1909, who accepted a reform constitution but then quickly suppressed it, ruling as a reactionary autocrat for the rest of his long reign
Sultan Abd al-Hamid II
A variation of Chinese writing developed in Vietnam that became the basis for an independent National literature; "southern script"
Chu nom
Grandson of Genghis Khan who became the first il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia.
Hulegu
Followers of an American political movement in the period around 1900 that advocated reform measures such as wages-and-hours legislation to correct the ills of industrialization.
Progressives
Establishment of a radically Islamist government in Iran in 1979; helped trigger a war with Iraq in the 1980s.
Iranian Revolution
A period of internal peace in Japan (1600-1850) that prevented civil war but did not fully unify the country; led by military rulers, or shoguns, from the Tokugawa family, who established a "closed door" policy toward European encroachments.
Tokugawa Japan (1600-1850) or Edo Period
Political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were tied to their land and their lord through serfdom. The basic unit was the manor, a self-sufficient landed estate, or fief, under the control of a lord.
Manoralism
The Russian name for the incorporation of Russia into the Mongol Empire in the mid 13th century, known to Mongols as the Kipchak khanate.
Khanate of the Golden Horde
Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country's defeat at the hands of Japan. The revolution was suppressed, but it forced the government to make substantial reforms such as the creation of the Russian parliament known as the Duma.
Russian Revolution of 1905
The deepening economic entanglement of the world's peoples, especially since 1950; accompanied by the spread of industrialization in the Global South and extraordinary economic growth following World War II; the process has also generated various forms of inequality and resistance as well as increasing living standards for many.
Economic Globalization
Founded by Sun Yatsen in 1919; main support from urban businesspeople and merchants; dominated by Chiang Kai-shek after 1925, would later flee to Taiwan to not be absorbed into the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong.
Guomindang (National Party)