Age of Exploration
What does God, Glory, and Gold mean for European colonization?
To spread Christianity, convert natives, gain more power/fame, get resources/wealth.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The transfer of diseases, plants, animals, ideas, culture, and people between the western and eastern hemispheres.
What is an export and an import?
Goods that are shipped out to another country and good that are shipped into the country.
African beliefs blending with European Christianity
Indigenous beliefs blending with European Christianity
Why did Christopher Columbus believe he landed in India?
He was searching for a trade route to Asia and thought he made it.
What diseases were spread in the Columbian Exchange? Need at least 2.
measles, smallpox, mumps, whooping cough, cholera, influenza, chicken pox, typhus
Who benefitted from a mercantilism system?
The mother (home) country who exploited their colonies.
How did European trading companies gain control in Asia?
Gaining control over trade ports by force or trade agreements, controlling the global silver trade, new maritime technologies
What caused Europeans to focus on overseas exploration?
The Ottomans taking control of the Silk Road and enforcing a high tax. Europeans sought out for a different path to the Spice Islands.
What plants were introduced to Europe from the Americas?
Potatoes, maize, sweet potatoes, cassava
How does a mercantilism system work?
Country increases exports and decreases imports. Country imports raw materials from colonies and exports finished goods back at a higher price to accumulate wealth and power.
Give an example of a European Join-Stock company during the age of exploration.
British East India Company
Dutch East India Company
Why did the Portuguese not colonize the territories where they established trading posts?
More focused on gaining wealth by controlling trade routes. Did not have the population or power to colonize places so far away.
What animals were introduced to the Americas and how did it change their culture?
Horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs. Changed agricultural practices and transportation.
- Could hunt buffalo easier
- Cattle became important for meat, hide, & transportation
What is one way capitalism is different than mercantilism?
- little or no government control over the economy
- promotes competition and choice
How did Spain conquer the Aztecs?
Allying with enemy tribes, pretending to be Gods and taking the emperor prisoner and then going to war, spreading disease to Natives
Name 3 Europeans Explorers during the Age of Exploration.
Cortez, Columbas, Magellan, Pizarro
To extract resources like gold, silver, cash crops by using Native labor and eventually African slaves
Describe the regions and goals of English, French, and Spanish colonization of the Americas.
English: North America to get profit and resources
French: North America to get resources like fur, trade with natives, and convert natives to Christianity
Spain: Central and South America to spread Christianity and get resources
Why did Spain claim divine authority to colonize the Americas?
They were Catholic and used religious authority to spread Christianity and affirm their right to rule. Pope wanted Catholic countries to gain more land against Protestants.