Regions of the World
Where reforms regarding minimum wage laws, limits on working hours, overtime pay, and the 5-day work week occurred.
What is Britian?
German scholar and writer who supported socialism.
Who is Karl Marx?
Pamphlet published by Marx and Engels that critiqued capitalism.
What is the Communist Manifesto?
A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole (the phase between capitalism and communism).
What is socialism?
During the Qing Dynasty, China felt pressure to modernize. The government advanced military technology and readiness, paid back debts, and the French and British helped with reform efforts.
What was the Self-Strengthening Movement?
An area where Tanzimat (reorganization) occurred. Reforms not supported by Mahmud II (ex: limited the rights of woman/gave more rights to men). Sultan Abdulhamid supported reforms (ex: gave woman more rights), but he eventually became more conservative.
What was the Ottoman Empire?
Wealthy supporter of Marx who also supported socialism.
Who was Friedrich Engels?
Samurai who were no longer soilders working for the government, but instead served as elder statesmen.
What are genros?
A classless society where people produce and share the wealth with perfect justice.
What is communism?
Included the abolition of the civil service exa, elimination of corruption, and establishment of Western-style industrial, commercial, and medical systems.
What was the Hundered Days of Reform?
Area where the Self-Strengthening Movement and Hundered Days of Reform occurred. Europeans also encouraged change here and provided protection from Western powers and in return got trade concessions.
What is China?
Emperor of China, who was conviced by Kang Youwei (a club member who advocated for change), to support the Hundred Days of Reform.
Who was Emperor Guangxu?
Separate legal courts established by different religious communities (each uses its own set of religon) in the Ottoman Empire.
What are millets?
Philosophy developed by John Stuart Mill that sought the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
What is utilitarianism?
The working class who worked in factories and mines, often for little compensation or pay.
Who are the proletariat?
An area where traditional systems were ended. This modernization allowed for new schools (which improved literacy rates), the economy becoming industrialized, and the country developing democracy charateristics (ex: free press, strong labor unions, individual liberties).
What is Japan?
A concubine, emperor's aunt, and adopted mother who became an empress by overthrowing her nephew in a "coup d'état". She opposed reforms and protected traditional social and government systems.
Who is Empress Dowager Cixi?
It updated the legal system, declaring equality for all men in education, government appointments, and justice, regardless of religion or ethnicity (also known as the Ottoman Reform Edict).
What was the Hatt-i Humayun?
Machines, factories, mines, and land that produce the goods to become wealthy (owned by the bourgeosie).
What are means of production?
The middle class and investors who owned machinery and factories, where workers produced goods.
Who were the bourgeoisie?
Where the Communist Manifesto was written and Marx and Engels developed their ideas on socialism and communism.
What is London?
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who abolished Janissaries and developed an artillery unit trained by Europeans. His reforms also included building roads, postal service, government directory of charities, European-style ministries, and abolition of the feudal system.
Who was Mahmud II?
Reforms in the Ottoman Empire (after Mahmud II) that included stopping government corruption, secular system of primary and secondary schools and colleges, codified laws making foreign business easier, and updated legal system so that it supported equality and regulated millets.
What is the Tanzimat?
Organizations of workers that advocate for the right to bargain with employers and create agreements, resulting in contracts.
What are labor unions?
Unions provoked the British parliment to expand the men who could vote, giving more representation to cities and laid the foundation for all men and eventally woman to vote. Unions also provoked the government to ban childern under the age of 10 to work in mines and made education mandatory for childern ages 5-10.
What were the changes in voting rights and child labor?