Enlightenment and Political Revolutions
This Enlightenment thinker argued in Two Treatises on Gov't that government exists to protect "life, liberty, & property"
Who is John Locke?
This era in Japanese history began in 1868 and involved the formal abolition of feudalism and rapid, state-subsidized industrialization
What is the Meiji Restoration?
This 1884–1885 meeting set rules for European colonization of Africa without African participation.
What is the Berlin Conference?
This British trade good was used to correct a trade imbalance with China and ultimately triggered military conflict when Chinese officials attempted to suppress it.
What is opium?
This invention allowed factories to operate independently of water power and greatly increased industrial production.
What is the steam engine?
This demographic shift reshaped population patterns by concentrating labor, housing, and industry in cities during the 19th century.
What is urbanization?
This British tax helped spark colonial protest by directly taxing printed materials.
What is the Stamp Act?
Alexander Graham Bell revolutionized communication when he was issued a patent for this device in 1876.
What is the telephone?
This European ruler personally controlled the Congo Free State and used forced labor and violence to extract rubber, resulting in millions of African deaths.
Who is King Leopold II?
This European company managed India until 1858.
What is the British East India Company?
This 19th century technology connected interior regions to global markets and allowed raw materials to be transported efficiently.
What are railroads?
This thinker argued that industrial capitalism created class struggle between workers and owners.
Who is Karl Marx?
This Prussian leader used nationalist feelings and "realpolitik" to engineer three wars that led to the unification of the German Empire in 1871
Who is Otto Von Bismarck?
This later phase of industrialization was characterized by major developments in chemicals, precision machinery, and electronics.
What was the Second Industrial Revolution?
Name at least two motivations for European imperialism.
What is the "civilizing" mission, Social Darwinism, racism, and nationalism?
This concept best describes how Western powers controlled China without fully colonizing it.
What is economic imperialism?
This communication technology transformed business and finance by reducing the time needed to make economic decisions.
What is the telegraph?
This labor system expanded after the abolition of slavery to meet the continued demand for plantation and industrial labor.
What is indentured labor?
This English writer published A Vindication on the Rights of Women in 1792, arguing for equal education for women.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
What is the Spinning Jenny?
A geographic area where a dominant power exerts military, political, economic, and cultural control over less powerful nations.
What are spheres of influence?
This rebellion in the mid-1800s in India challenged British rule and was sparked in part by religious and cultural grievances.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion (Indian Rebellion of 1857)?
This environmental factor most explains why factories in Britain shifted from water power to steam power during the Industrial Revolution.
What is access to coal?
This ruler promoted a cotton textile industry in Egypt to fund modernization and military reform in the early 19th century.
Who is Muhammad Ali Pasha?
This 1789 document declared that sovereignty belonged to the nation and that all men were equal before the law.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
This process, introduced in the mid-1800s, allowed for the mass production of steel by mixing iron and carbon.
What is the Bessemer Process?
Following a victory in this 1898 war, the United States gained control over Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
What was the Spanish-American War?
This 1842 agreement marked a turning point by forcing China to open treaty ports and accept foreign privileges, ending the First Opium War.
What is the Treaty of Nanking?
This 1869 technological development reduced travel time between Europe and Asia and reshaped global trade routes.
What is the Suez Canal?
This series of 19th-century reforms represented the Ottoman Empire’s attempt to modernize its military and administration in response to industrialized European powers.
What are the Tanzimat Reforms?