Key Figures
Enlightenment thinker who argued for natural rights.
Who is John Locke?
Region where industrialization began.
What is Britain?
Idea that people should rule themselves.
What is democracy?
Movement from countryside to cities.
What is urbanization?
Industrialization increased demand for these.
What are raw materials?
This 19th-century thinker analyzed industrial society and argued that history is shaped by conflict between social classes, especially workers and owners.
Who is Karl Marx?
During the late 19th century, European powers competed to divide and control this continent in a process often called the “Scramble.”
What is Africa?
This ideology grew in the 19th century and united people based on shared language, culture, and history, often leading to the creation of nation-states.
What is nationalism?
After the abolition of slavery, this labor system spread globally, where workers signed contracts but had limited freedom and harsh conditions.
What is indentured servitude?
Innovations like steamships and railroads reduced travel time and costs, contributing directly to the increase of this global trend.
What is migration?
This South American revolutionary leader played a major role in freeing multiple colonies from Spanish control in the early 1800s.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
In the 19th century, foreign powers such as Britain and France established spheres of influence in this country, controlling trade without full colonization.
What is China?
This Enlightenment-based idea argued that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed rather than divine right.
What is the social contract?
As migrants settled in new countries, they often formed these communities that preserved language, religion, and cultural traditions.
What are ethnic enclaves?
A change in which the fight for gender equality became a greater issue.
What is the feminist movement?
This Egyptian ruler in the 1800s promoted state-led industrialization, especially focusing on cotton production to strengthen the economy.
Who is Muhammad Ali?
In southeastern Europe, nationalist movements weakened empires and led to the creation of new independent states in this region.
What are the Balkans?
This ideology used ideas from biology, like “survival of the fittest,” to justify European domination over other societies.
What is Social Darwinism?
Passed in the United States in 1882, this law restricted immigration from China due to growing anti-immigrant sentiment.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
As industrial nations expanded overseas, they gained access to new consumers, increasing demand for _________ in global trade.
What are Markets?
This Enlightenment thinker argued for individual liberty and freedom of speech, often criticizing established institutions like the Church.
Who is Voltaire?
Unlike many regions that were colonized, this country rapidly industrialized during the late 1800s and became an imperial power itself.
What is Japan?
In contrast to extractive colonies, these colonies involved large numbers of settlers who permanently moved and established new societies.
What are settler colonies?
As immigration increased in industrial societies, many native-born citizens responded with discrimination and restrictive policies, reflecting this attitude.
What is prejudice?
This change occurred in multiple countries as a consequence of increased awareness of human rights and social change
What is the abolishment of slavery?