Chapter 1
What is the time period for Unit A?
Beginning of time- 600BCE
what were some effects of settling?
Job specialization: since people lived in bigger groups and societies, they needed to assign people jobs so work could be done efficiently.
Patriarchal Society: Established during the Neolithic age due to men typically working on more heavy labor and owned land.
Disease spread: When people settled in bigger groups disease spread faster from being around more people, and from being in the workplace every day and not getting as much sleep as humans used to.
Early African Societies and Bantu Migrations.
What region? What river?
North Africa
Nile River
What were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro?
They were complex cities for their time. Grid like structures and advanced plumbing systems.
Early Society in East Asia. What river valley?
Huang He river valley or yellow river valley
what is Prehistory?
define
before written records
Why did people move to river valley civilizations?
There was desiccation (drying out of water), so people had to move in order to have the proper resources to live. Rivers allowed people to trade, grow crops, and create villages and communities.
What did the Egyptians think about Mummification?
The afterlife was believed to be a new beginning; mummies were buried with everything they will need in their afterlife; mummified with linens and spices to preserve the body
Indo Europeanens(Aryans) came in and organized people in their society. How did they organize them?
They built a caste system, and the Dravidians (Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa people) were at the bottom of the system. Their skin(varna) was also usually darker.
Why was the yellow river called the yellow river
Loess is a yellow color soil. It was thick in the water and made the rivers overflow leading to famine
What is the difference between the Paleolithic Era and the Neolithic Era?
The Paleolithic Era were when Hunter and gatherers were nomadic. The Neolithic Era was when people started settling.
What rivers were by Mesopatamia?
Tigris and Euphrates.
Flooding was unpredictable and oftentimes led to crops being destroyed.
Very advanced due to their written language, cuneiform
Polytheistic; built ziggurats where they would worship local gods/ goddesses
How were Pyramids and Hieroglyphics important to the Egyptians?
Pyramids= symbol of power; connection to afterlife; took thousands of laborers and materials
Hieroglyphics, connection to geography because they used all parts of the papyrus plant to write.
What were the Vedas? What is the belief of reincarnation? What is Nirvana?
The Vedas were the teachings of Hinduism. Reincarnation is the belief that you can be born again. Nirvana is a state that you reach when you have done so good in all your lives that you will stop being reincarnated.
What was the order of chinas dynasty's?
Xia -hereditary rule
Shang- bronze weapons
Zhou- family and Patriarchy, no such thing as indivlasim. Oracle Bones
Qin- Subordinate of ZHou that rebelled during the Period of Warring States
Settling allowed for Independent Invention, and the discovery of new ideas and technologies. What were some new technologies discovered?
Fire:discovered during the Neolithic age; very important for light, warmth, and cooking food; essential for survival
Stone tools:Made ax, bows, and arrows; great for hunting animals, and breaking stuff
Irrigation systems:Important for agriculture, and for drinking water.
Writing systems: Important for trade and communication, and for education.
What were the Assyrians known for?
Good trade routes, flourishing cities, powerful armies; officers appointed by merit; had a cavalry; known for their military conquests. Used horses, which many people had never seen, so they would surrender without a fight. Assyrian empire, officers were appointed based on merit.
How did Menes become the sole leader of Egypt?
He extended his power from Upper Egypt to Lower Egypt(Nubia). Became the first Egyptian Pharaoh.
Early Societies in South Asia. What river valley?
Indus River valley?
What was the mandate of Heaven?
It justified or legitimized rebellion and replacement of dynasties.
Limited the power of the ruler because the ruler was doing a bad job, then the people could overthrow the dynasty.
What were the Bantu migrations?
Humans originated in Africa and gradually Migrated to other continents
what did Indo-European Migrations spread?
horses and languages.
For example, the Assyrians had a cavalry; which many people had never seen, so they would surrender without a fight.
Religion of Egyptians?
polytheistic, along with all other river valley civilizations. Believed their Pharaoh was like a god on Earth.
Name all parts of the Caste System
Brahmins-priests
Kshatriyas- rulers, warriors, kings
Vaisyas- merchants, skilled artisans, Landowners
Sudras- peasants, workers, farmers
Untouchables- Dravidians, captured people, criminals
What was Ethnocentrism?
The belief that one's culture is superior to others. China believed in Ethnocentrism because their only connection to the outside world was invaders.