1200-1450
This fast-ripening, drought-resistant grain from Southeast Asia, introduced to China during the Song Dynasty, led to population growth and agricultural intensification.
Champa Rice
This small, highly maneuverable sailing ship, developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, allowed for long-distance oceanic voyages and played a crucial role in the establishment of European maritime empires.
The Caravel
Why did the Sepoy Mutiny begin?
Sepoys were forced to use ammo cartridges greased with animal fat
Who were the original members of the Triple Entente?
France, Great Britain, Russia
The founder of the fascist political party and the leader of Italy in the 1930s and 1940s
Benito Mussolini
List the 4 Khanates of the Mongol Empire
Golden Horde, Chagatai, Il Khanate, Yuan Dynasty
This Ottoman system involved the conscription of Christian boys from the Balkans, who were then converted to Islam and trained for military or administrative service.
The devshirme
This concept, popularized by thinkers like Locke and Rousseau, argues that governments derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed and that individuals implicitly agree to give up certain freedoms in exchange for protection.
The Social Contract
This economic theory advocated for government intervention through deficit spending and public works projects to stimulate demand and combat the effects of the Great Depression.
Keynesian economics
This Scottish engineer's refinements to the steam engine in the late 18th century, including the separate condenser, dramatically increased its efficiency and played a pivotal role in the widespread adoption of steam power
James Watt
This Southeast Asian sultanate, strategically located on a vital strait, became a major hub for trade in the 15th century, blending Islamic, Indian, and Chinese influences before falling to the Portuguese in 1511.
Sultanate of Malacca
Which Indian Empire was a continuation of the Delhi Sultanate, were descendants of the Mongol invaders, and practiced Islame over a Hindu population
Mughal Empire
This region, brutally exploited for rubber and other resources under Leopold II, became a symbol of the horrors of late 19th-century European colonialism, and later faced post-colonial instability and conflict.
The Congo, The Belgian Congo, The Democratic Republic of Congo
The political party led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized control of the government in Russia and became the dominant poltiical power
The Bolsheviks
This warlord, after winning the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, established a shogunate that would rule Japan for over 250 years, implementing a strict social hierarchy and eventually closing the country to most foreign influence.
Tokugawa Ieyasu
This Islamic dynasty, known for its "Golden Age" in Baghdad, saw a shift from Arab dominance to a more cosmopolitan administration, but ultimately fragmented due to regional revolts and the rise of the Buyids and Seljuks.
Abbasid Caliphate
This economic theory, prevalent in Europe during the 16th-18th centuries, emphasized accumulating wealth through a favorable balance of trade, establishing colonies for raw materials, and restricting imports.
Mercantilism
What event ended the rule of the shogun in Japan and restored the Emperor to power?
The Meiji Restoration
What was the partition of India and what role did religion play in this event?
India gains independence from Britain and splits into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan
This conquistador, known for his brutal conquest of the Aztec Empire, relied on alliances with local tribes, superior weaponry, and the spread of smallpox to achieve his victory.
Hernán Cortés
This Islamic mystical tradition, known for its whirling dervishes and emphasis on direct personal experience with God, spread throughout the Muslim world, often acting as missionaries and bridging cultural divides, particularly in regions like South Asia and Africa.
Sufism
This 16th-century European empire established a trading post network in the Indian Ocean, focusing on controlling strategic ports rather than large territories, exemplified by their holdings in Goa and Malacca.
The Portuguese Empire
This document, written in response to the French National Assembly's declaration, argued for legal and political equality for women and was penned by Olympe de Gouges during the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
The Khmer Rouge, under the leadership of Pol Pot, implemented radical agrarian policies in this Southeast Asian nation, leading to the deaths of millions in the 'killing fields' during the 1970s.
Cambodia
This Russian Tsar implemented sweeping reforms to modernize his nation, including the creation of a powerful navy, the reorganization of the government, and the forced adoption of Western European customs
Peter the Great