Units 1/2
These events were religious and military campaigns that led to an increase in trade and cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East, contributing to the Renaissance
What are the Crusades?
they gave Muslim landowners (or zamindars) power to tax people, collecting taxes for the emperor, extending imperial authority, and consolidating power for the emperor
Groups of employees bargaining for better conditions; state the definition and what they accomplished
Labor unions; limited hours of workday, restricted children from learning, factory owners had to make conditions safer
the long-term causes of WWI and short-term cause
MAIN: militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism
the assassination of Austria-Hungary Archduke Franz-Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist and member of Blacktips Gavrilo Princip
where the US would aid countries threatened by communism (containment)
Truman Doctrine
How did Neo-Confucianism benefit the emperor?
It was used in the civil service exam to employ members of the imperial bureaucracy and encouraged a natural hierarchy (emperor > commoners, men>women, father>son), and that only with this harmony could there be peace; i.e., it promoted social harmony
paper faithful could purchase to reduce time in purgatory
indulgences
Rebellion led by a religious zealot that was almost successful, but Britain and France intervened, making this country more reliant on imperial powers
Taiping Rebellion (mid-18th c China)
Stalin taking over private farms for state-owned enterprises (collectivization), meant to transform the USSR into an industrial powerhouse; was totalitarianism in practice
What was the Five-Year Plan?
what was up with Cuba?
They were communist, so President Kennedy organized the Bay of Pigs Invasion (which failed), so the USSR installed missiles in Cuba. The US found out, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis, which was a blockade in everything but name, and the closest brush with nuclear war
Describe the Hausa Kingdoms
what is a joint stock company and explain the benefits it provided
They were companies owned by investors who bought stocks or shares in them; offered limited responsibility, as investors were not responsible for the company's debt or other responsibilities beyond the amount of an investment, making investment safer; you could only lose what you invested
Explain Adam Smith economics
"laissez-faire" or "leave me alone" economics. The government should not intervene in economics, advocating for free trade, and providing a base for capitalism
Describe the Treaty of Versailles
Far from Wilson's Fourteen Points, the official end of WWI that totally screwed Germany over - they had to pay war reparations, release territory, and prevent them from rising to power; this poverty and resentment allowed for Hitler's rise
What was happening with Berlin 1948?
Eastern Germany was under Soviet control, cutting off access to Berlin from the Western side through the Berlin Blockade, so the US flew in resources to the trapped Western side (Berlin Airlift), until Soviets eventually split Berlin in half, creating the Berlin Wall
Who were overthrowing the ethnic Arabs in Islamic kingdoms?
Mamluks/Turks
Describe Metacom's War
1675-1678 between Native America tribes in New England and English colonists as a result of land disputes, cultural misunderstanding, and disease, with English forces overpowering Native Americans
Talk about some Atlantic Revolutions (at least 2)
Viable answers (elaborated upon):
American Revolution
French Revolution
Haitian Revolution
Mexican Revolution
Philippines Revolution
Why did the League of Nations fail, but the United Nations succeed?
The LoN lacked support from major powers (especially the US) and was unable to act quickly to prevent conflicts. The UN has a stronger enforcement mechanism and broader members.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), European Union (EU), World Trade Organization (WTO)
A roadside inn where caravans could stop on major trade routes (ex. Silk Road)
what is a caravanserai?
Infodump about the Columbian Exchange
It was the Transatlantic trade between Europe, Americas, and Africa of animals, plants, diseases, people (slaves), technology, and ideas, these things being transferred at a larger scale than ever before, with food products causing population increase; main products were sugar and silver (from plantations/mines in Spanish colonies); disease resulted in the Great Dying, sheep caused soil erosion (they ate the grass at rates where they couldn't grow back), and horses helped Plains Americans hunt buffalo
Infodump about the Berlin Conference
1884, hosted by Otto van Bismarck, who invited all European powers to Berlin to discuss land claims in Africa, stripping the continent of its resources, most countries using direct rule and implanting their own customs over African people (- Britain, who was busy with India), grouping enemy tribes together or splitting tribal land
provide examples of anti-colonialism in South Asia
Indian National Congress, satyagraha movement (devotion to truth), Salt March, homespun movement
Balfour Declaration of 1917 stated that Jewish people could live in Palestine, with many fleeing during WWI, and in 1948, the state was created, with land taken from Palestine to create it, which is still an ongoing conflict