Technological Innovations
What is a lateen sail?
Triangular sail that allowed you to sail against the wind
the transfer of plants, animals, germs, culture, and tech across the Atlantic was between the ___ Hemisphere (Americas) and ___ Hemisphere (Afro-Eurasia)
Western, Eastern
What were European trading posts?
Fortified markets and cities on the coast
What was Chattel Slavery?
Generational, interminable slavery you can never escape from
What was the hierarchical social classification system used in colonial Spanish America (New Spain) to rank individuals based on racial ancestry and birth location?
Casta System
What are the 3 ship types that facilitated trade?
Caravel, carrack, fluyt
The colonizers came to American becasue they were tryign to find a faster way to get to ___ since they could not buy through ___ trade becasue it was very expensive.
Asia, Indian Ocean
The Iberian powers: Spain and Portugal had an overarching goal of God, Gold, and Glory. How did they enact the God portion of their mission?
Conversion
The Spanish equivalent to the Peruvian Mit'a system was what?
Encomienda
What are creoles (where are they born and what tier are their parents)?
Children of peninsulares born in New Spain
What European powers made the 3 most important ship types?
Portuguese, Portuguese, Dutch
What was the 1) primary disease that was endemic in the Eastern Hemisphere that spread to the Americas and 2) primary domesticated animal brought to the Americas?
smallpox, horse
What, tecnologically, did Africa gain from the Atlantic Slave Trade/contact with Europe, and how did it impact them?
Guns, negatively
In which labor system in the Spanish colonies were the laborers tequnically free, but still trapped in debt slavery?
Hacienda
Name the tiers of the casta system from greatest social status to least. (must name all in proper order for credit)
peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, native american indians, and enslaved persons
Which three technologies from previous time periods were very important to this unit?
Lateen sail, compass, astronomical charts
One impact of the Columbian Exchange in AfroEurasia was that populations benefited nutritionally from teh increased diversity of American food crops, especially ___ and corn.
potatoes
Why were Isolationists such as China and Japan so against Christianity?
They believed that the Christians would be more loyal to the priest than to the emperor
What sorts of people were being taken as slaves in Africa, during the Atlantic Slave trade?
Already enslaved people, criminals, people who were captured in war, ethnic minorities who were hunted to increase profits
In the Atlatnic trading system, some notable gender and family restructuring occured, including demographic changes in Africa that resulted from slaves trades and ___
a racialized social structure
Why is the caravel better than previous ships? (Must get all reasons for credit)
They were small, highly maneuverable, and could be equipt with cannons. It's also cheaper to make because of its size.
The transfer of what as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human
migration patterns before 1800?
Sugar Cane
Atlantic powers: How, in terms of what sort of people migrated, did the British differ from the French?
The British migrated in families and there was very little intermarriage
What location received the most amount of people from the Atlantic Slave trade?
Brazil
What cultures/types of peoples contributed to the cultural synthesis of the Atlantic trading system (what cultures got mixed)? (must name all for credit)
African, American, and European