Ch 7 - Atlantic Revolutions
This Enlightenment thinker's ideas on natural rights—life, liberty, and property—heavily influenced the American Declaration of Independence.
John Locke
This machine, perfected by James Watt, provided a vastly increased source of energy that could be applied to industrial production, locomotives, and ships.
Steam Engine
This highly addictive drug was illegally sold by British merchants in China, creating a massive outflow of silver and sparking two wars.
Opium
This meeting in 1884–1885 established the rules by which European powers could divide up Africa, legitimizing the Scramble for Africa.
Berlin Conference
The American Admiral who forced Japan to open itself to western trade using good ol' American Gunboat Diplomacy.
Mathew C. Perry
Who led the Haitian Revolution against the French?
Toussaint L’Ouverture
This major defeat in 1905, in which Russia lost to an East Asian industrial power, exposed the severe shortcomings of Russian industrialization and contributed to a wave of revolutions.
Russo-Japanese War
Ottoman reforms pushed by the Young Turks. They focused on giving more rights to Ottoman citizens, especially non-Muslim citizens.
The Tanzimat Reforms
The colonial state used the power of taxation to force independent African farmers to produce this type of agricultural goods for the global market to earn money.
Cash Crops
This technological advance, used to treat malaria, drastically reduced European mortality rates in the tropical regions of Africa, allowing for deeper penetration of the continent.
Quinine
The period from 1793–1794, dominated by Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety, was known by this fear-inducing name.
Reign of Terror
This group of urban poor, who primarily performed unskilled labor, were the main beneficiaries of Britain's industrial wages, though they lived in overcrowded and polluted conditions.
Working Class (or Proletariat)
***DOUBLE JEOPARDY***
This crucial event in 1868 restored the emperor to power and began a period of rapid state-led industrialization and modernization in Japan.
Meiji Restoration
This justification for imperialism argued that European domination was a natural process of eliminating the "weaker" races.
Social Darwinism
The alternate name of the French and Indian War that proved to be costly for the British and the French, leading to tax increases for their citizens.
Seven Years War
This document, issued during the French Revolution, declared that "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights."
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Russian industrialization was concentrated in a few major cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg, leading to the rapid growth of a highly organized and revolutionary working class influenced by this German theorist.
Karl Marx
This group of writers and journalists were committed to preserving the Ottoman state by adopting European-style, secular constitutional government to limit the Sultan's power in the late 19th century.
Young Ottomans
This rebellion in India (1857–1858) was triggered by a mix of factors, including cultural insensitivity (greased rifle cartridges) and the British disregard for local customs.
Indian Rebellion (or Sepoy Mutiny)
***DOUBLE JEOPARDY***
This theory, which emphasized free markets, private property, and minimal government regulation, became the dominant economic philosophy driving the Industrial Revolution
Laissez-faire Capitalism
This was the name of the social group in the Spanish colonies, composed of American-born whites, who initiated and led the movements for Latin American independence.
Creoles
This U.S. figure, whose business practices in the oil industry led to the creation of the Standard Oil Trust, became a symbol of both massive wealth and monopolistic power.
John D. Rockefeller
This anti-foreign movement of 1898–1901 was crushed by a joint European, Japanese, and American force, leading to a massive war payment by the Qing state.
Boxer Rebellion
The colonial power's reliance on a few local subjects to staff its bureaucracy and military, giving these groups social advantages over others, is an example of this policy.
"Divide and Rule"
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a direct result of this French leader's decision to abandon his North American empire after his army was defeated by Haitian revolutionaries.
Napoleon Bonaparte