Unit 1
What was a major economic effect of the "golden age" in Song China?
Increased agricultural production (Champa rice) led to population growth.
What were the 3 main trading networks
Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and the Trans-Saharan
The "Gunpowder Empires": Name the three Islamic empires that dominated the Middle East and South Asia using firearms.
Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal.
What is the name for the massive transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds?
The Columbian Exchange
Which philosopher argued that all people are born with the rights to "Life, Liberty, and Property"?
John Locke
Which empire in West Africa became wealthy by controlling the trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt?
Mali Empire.
What was the main trade good brought from West Africa to North Africa in the Trans-Saharan trade?
Gold
What did the Ottomans do to little boys.
Devshirme.
The Janissaries.
Which city in present-day Bolivia became the world's largest silver mine, fueling the global economy?
Potosí.
What was the name of the period when Japan ended its isolation and rapidly industrialized to compete with the West?
The Meiji Restoration.
How did the Song Dynasty maintain control over their bureaucracy?
They utilized a civil service exam based on Confucian texts.
What was a major economic change resulting from increased trade?
The adoption of new financial instruments like paper money, bills of exchange, and banking houses.
What was the name for the local tax officials in the Mughal Empire?
Zamindars.
What was the name of the Spanish system that granted settlers the right to use Native Americans as forced labor?
Encomienda System.
Who was the key leader who helped South American countries like Venezuela and Colombia win independence from Spain?
Simón Bolívar.
Which innovation most contributed to the commercialization of the Song Dynasty economy?
The expansion of the Grand Canal and the use of paper money.
What is a caravanserai?
An inn or rest stop that allowed merchants to sleep, eat, and trade along routes like the Silk Roads.
What movement, started by Martin Luther, split the Christian Church in Europe?
Protestant Reformation
What was the economic theory that drove European empires to export more than they imported to build up gold and silver?
Mercantilism.
Who wrote The Wealth of Nations and is considered the father of modern capitalism?
Adam Smith.
What farming technique allowed the Aztecs to farm in the middle of a lake?
Chinampas (floating gardens).
What was a negative effect of increased trade along the Silk Roads?
The rapid spread of pathogens, most notably the Bubonic Plague.
hat was the name of the military government that unified Japan and moved the capital to Edo?
Tokugawa Shogunate.
Name the "White Gold" crop that dominated Caribbean and Brazilian plantations and drove the demand for slave labor.
Sugar.
Which thinker wrote The Communist Manifesto in response to the poor working conditions of the industrial era?
Karl Marx