Empires and States
This civilization was divided into independent city-states, including Athens and Sparta, rather than being ruled by one unified government.
What is Ancient Greece?
In this South Asian social system, Brahmins occupied the highest position while “untouchables” existed outside the caste hierarchy.
What is the caste system?
Unlike the Confucian emphasis on fulfilling one's social role, this Chinese tradition promoted simplicity, spontaneity, and harmony with nature.
What is Daoism?
The Torah contains the teachings and laws at the center of this ancient monotheistic tradition.
What is Judaism?
The Qin Dynasty was responsible for this great agricultural feat
What is the Great Wall of China?
Often called a “Golden Age,” this South Asian empire was known for achievements in mathematics, science, literature, and art.
What is the Gupta Empire?
Confucius taught that this principal (respect and obedience toward one's parents and elders) was essential to a stable society.
What is filial piety?
Although both represent liberation from the cycle of rebirth, this Hindu concept involves achieving ultimate union with or realization of Brahman, while Buddhism describes liberation as freedom from suffering and desire.
What are Moksha (Hinduism) and Nirvana (Buddhism)?
The disagreement over whether Muhammad's successor should be selected by the community or come from his family eventually produced these two major branches of Islam.
What are Sunni and Shia?
Roman engineers built an extensive network of these structures to transport fresh water into cities.
What are aqueducts?
This philosophy emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments and became the basis for the centralized rule of Qin Shihuangdi.
What is legalism?
This tax was often imposed on non-Muslims, including Jews and Christians, living under Muslim rule.
What is the jizya tax?
This concept describes the Hindu cycle of birth, death, and rebirth from which believers seek eventual release.
What is Samsara?
This institution played a major role in spreading Christianity as monks lived, taught, and converted people in regions beyond the Roman Empire.
What are monasteries?
This Chinese concept made political legitimacy conditional: a dynasty could lose approval if it governed poorly, allowing a new dynasty to claim legitimate rule.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
This infrastructure project allowed messages, officials, and armies to travel efficiently across the Achaemenid Empire.
What is the Royal Road?
This system allowed educated men in imperial China to gain government positions and social status based largely on their knowledge of Confucian teachings.
What is the civil service examination system?
This Buddhist tradition was generally more accessible outside monasteries than its counterpart and emphasized a broader path toward enlightenment.
What is Mahayana Buddhism?
This title was given to the political and religious successors of Muhammad who ruled Islamic empires.
What is caliph?
Name 3 countries which are located in Southeast Asia
Vietnam
Thailand
Cambodia
This Persian belief system taught that good and evil were opposing forces and became associated with the Achaemenid Empire.
What is Zoroastrianism?
1. Life is suffering
2. The route of this suffering is desire
3. There can be an end to this suffering.
4. The end to suffering is through the Eightfold Path.
Unlike Muslim rulers who spread Islam through conquest, these Islamic mystics emphasized personal spiritual experience and helped spread Islam through missionary activity.
Who are the Sufis?
Name the three major Persian empires that ruled the region in chronological order.
Achaemenid, Parthian, Sassanid