The Ottomans
Capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire conquered by Mehmed II in 1453.
What is Constantinople?
The Safavid Empire was unique among the "Gunpowder Trio" for practicing this branch of Islam.
What is Shia?
This ruler is considered the most effective Mughal leader due to his religious tolerance and centralized rule.
Who is Akbar?
This Manchu-led dynasty replaced the Ming and expanded China's borders significantly.
What is the Qing dynasty?
This tsar established the oprichnina to terrorize the boyars and consolidate power.
Who is Tsar Ivan IV?
One major continuity in how land-based empires demonstrated wealth and power.
What is monumental architecture?
This German monk sparked the Reformation by writing the 95 Theses.
Who is Martin Luther?
Elite Ottoman infantry units made up of Christian boys converted to Islam.
What are Janissaries?
This 14-year-old leader founded the empire and proclaimed himself "Shah".
Who is Ismail?
Local government officials in India who collected taxes from peasants on behalf of the emperor.
What are zamindars?
This Japanese military leader declared himself Shogun during the "Period of Great Peace".
Who is Tokugawa Ieyasu?
This Russian leader oversaw the "Westernization" of Russia and moved the capital to the Baltic coast.
Who is Peter the Great?
The primary military technological change that allowed these empires to expand so rapidly.
What is gunpowder?
The Catholic practice of selling "forgiveness for sin" that Luther opposed.
What are indulgences?
The administrative system of recruiting Christian boys for government or military service.
What is devshirme?
A slave-soldier corps for loyalty to the shah.
The syncretic religion founded by Akbar that attempted to merge Islam and Hinduism.
What is din-il-ilhani?
This Chinese emperor ruled for 61 years, bringing stability and conquering Taiwan and Mongolia.
Who is Kangxi?
This European monarch built the Palace of Versailles to control the nobility through elaborate rituals.
Who is Louis XIV?
The global change from "tax farming" and tribute to these more centralized revenue systems.
What is central tax collection?
This invention helped spread Reformation ideas rapidly across Europe.
What is the printing press?
The legal system based on Islamic law that replaced Byzantine law in Ottoman territory.
What is sharia law?
A major strategic weakness for the Safavids was their complete lack of this military branch.
What is a navy?
This syncretic faith in India combined elements of Hinduism and Sufi Islam.
What is Sikhism?
These Japanese land-owning nobles were forced to reside in the capital to ensure their loyalty.
Who are the daimyo?
These French administrative officials (tax farmers) were sent to provinces to execute royal orders.
Who are intendents?
A religious continuity where rulers used these "ideals" to claim they were chosen by God to rule.
What is divine right/ghazi ideal?
John Calvin's core belief that God has already determined who goes to heaven.
What is predestination?
This Ottoman practice of internal power struggles among heirs contributed to their later decline.
What is harem politics?
This modern-day country served as the heartland of the Safavid Empire.
What is Iran?
This Mughal ruler reversed policies of tolerance, leading to rebellions and empire weakening.
Who is Aurangazeb?
This social practice, used to legitimize Tokugawa rule, required families of daimyo to reside in the capital.
What is the Hostage System?
This English document and the Bill of Rights established a constitutional monarchy, limiting royal power.
What is the Magna Carta?
This global shift saw military professionals transition from feudal warriors to this type of soldier.
What is a professional soldier?
This meeting of Catholic leaders reformed corruption and reaffirmed beliefs.
What is the Council of Trent?
The event that marked the beginning of Ottoman decline in the Mediterranean.
What is a loss to European navies and the destruction of the Ottoman fleet?
The Safavids frequently went to war with this neighbor over the Silk Road trade and religious split.
Who are the Ottomans?
This magnificent mausoleum was built by Shah Jahan as a symbol of Mughal architectural power.
What is the Taj Mahal?
This social class formed Japanese elite warrior units.
Who are samurai?
These local English officials were selected by the gentry to maintain order and carry out laws.
What are justices of the peace?
A continuity in social structure where these land-owning elites often competed with centralizing monarchs.
What is the creation of new classes/aristocratic collapse?
This 1648 treaty ended the Thirty Years' War and allowed religious choice.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
Europeans used this nickname to describe the Ottoman Empire as it lost territory in the 1800s.
What is the Sick Man of Europe?
Safavid bureaucrats, often Persian, were known by this title.
The Mughals used this traditional social structure to maintain order and trade achievements.
What is the Caste System?
In order to preserve Japanese culture, the Tokugawa Shogunate did this to limit its contact with the outside world.
What is isolation?
This Russian noble class was frequently forced to move to Moscow to be monitored by the Tsar.
Who are the boyars?
The major change in global Christianity caused by Martin Luther's 95 Theses in 1517.
This 1598 decree legalized Protestantism in France before being revoked.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
This 1683 event marked the final Ottoman attempt to expand further into Central Europe.
What is the Siege of Vienna?
What are the three major challenges to Safavid dominance in the area?
What are the lack of a navy, lack of natural defenses and lack of trade control?
This Central Asian conqueror’s legacy of arts and military "ghazi ideals" inspired all three gunpowder empires.
Who is Timur the Lame?
This Wing dynasty was lead by the Manchu people, a different ethnic group form the north of China with differing cultural traditions. A form of submission to the emperor was this style of long, braided hair worn by all men.
What is a queue?
What made England more responsive to constitutionalism while France was not?
What are the existence of democratic traditions at the local level?
This movement in Europe saw a shift from religious explanations of the world to evidence-based empiricism.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
These are the three major pre-Reformation figures that began to question the practices of the Catholic Church.
Who are John Wycliffe, Jan Hus and Huldrych Zwingli?