Mughal Empire and Officials
Who founded the Mughal Empire in 1526?
Who is Babur?
What weapon helped land-based empires break through fortified walls?
What are cannons?
What religion did the Russian tsars use to help legitimize their rule?
What is Russian Orthodox Christianity?
What system required conquered Aztec peoples to provide goods to their rulers?
What is a tribute system?
Which dynasty did the Manchus establish in China in 1644?
What is the Qing dynasty?
Which Mughal emperor promoted religious tolerance and cooperation with Hindus?
Who is Akbar?
What is a permanent, trained military maintained by a government called?
What is a standing army?
What English political belief claimed that kings received their authority directly from God?
What is the divine right of kings?
What was the main source of tax revenue for the Mughal Empire?
What is agricultural land revenue?
Which empire established Twelver Shi'a Islam as its state religion?
What is the Safavid Empire?
What were Mughal officials called who held administrative ranks and military responsibilities?
Who are mansabdars?
What elite infantry corps served the Ottoman Empire?
Who are the Janissaries?
According to Chinese political tradition, from whom did emperors receive the right to rule?
What is Heaven, through the Mandate of Heaven?
What Chinese philosophy strongly influenced civil service examinations?
What is Confucianism?
Which of the three major gunpowder empires was centered in Anatolia and controlled Constantinople?
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Which powerful woman influenced Mughal politics during Jahangir's reign?
Who is Nur Jahan?
How did gunpowder weapons help rulers expand their empires?
They helped armies conquer fortified cities and defeat opponents.
How did Akbar use religious tolerance to strengthen the Mughal Empire?
He cooperated with non-Muslims and helped gain the support of diverse subjects.
What was the purpose of the Chinese civil service examination system?
to select government officials based largely on their knowledge of Confucian texts and learning.
What major religious difference contributed to conflict between the Ottoman and Safavid empires?
The Ottomans were predominantly Sunni Muslim, while the Safavids promoted Shi'a Islam.
Which French traveler criticized Mughal landownership because he believed it discouraged private investment and agricultural improvement?
Who is François Bernier?
Why were gunpowder weapons important to the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires?
They strengthened military power and helped these empires conquer and control territory.
What is the main difference between the Mandate of Heaven and the divine right of kings?
The Mandate of Heaven could be withdrawn from an unjust ruler, while divine right emphasized a monarch's God-given authority.
How did bureaucracies help land-based empires maintain centralized control?
Specialized officials helped collect taxes, enforce laws, and administer distant territories.
How did the Qing rulers maintain power while ruling a largely Han Chinese population?
They retained much of China's established bureaucracy while preserving Manchu ruling traditions and identity.