Background
This group of people inspired/led to the beginning of the Scientific Revolution.
What are humanists.
It was believed Earth was...
What is in the center of the universe.
The theory describing that the sun was the center of the universe, and all the planets and moons revolved around it.
What is the Heliocentric Theory.
The three scientists who further analyzed and developed the heliocentric theory in the 1500s-1600s.
Who are Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei.
The scientist who compounded the work of previous scientists with his own to write Prinicipia, which contributed immensely to ideas of physics.
Who is Sir Isaac Newton.
The most powerful authorities of Europe at this time.
What are Church and State
Where heaven was believed to be located.
What is the edge/last circle of the universe.
The astronomer who advised the Catholic Church on medical problems and built his own observatory where he developed the heliocentric theory.
Who is Copernicus.
Two of the major distinctions between Copernicus and Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo.
What are access to modern technology and indesputable evidence.
(Fill in the blank)
In Principia, Newton described laws pertaining to ____ and how they applied to objects in space.
What is motion.
This person was considered the pinnacle of authority and knowledge.
Who is the Pope.
These two books of the Bible were used to prove the Earth was the center of the universe.
What are Genesis (creation story) and Joshua (specifically 10:12-14).
This group passionately opposed the heliocentric theory because it did not align with their literal interpretation of the Bible.
Who are the Protestants.
The standard of requiring substantial evidence to support a theory instead of relying on tradition and faith. This evidence is aquired through experimentation.
What is empiricism.
Laws that pertain to nature that were gaining popularity as scientists developed new theories and built upon old ones.
What are Natutral Laws.
Two works that European knowledge was based on.
What are the Bible and classical writings from Rome and Greece.
The two ancient thinkers whose ideas were the basis of Europe's knowledge of astronomy.
Who are Aristotle and Ptolemy.
This group/institution did not immediately oppose Copernicus's theory, however, they eventually banned his book due to societal pressure stemming from Protestant beliefs.
What is the Catholic Church.
A new practice where the government would fund projects for scientists as scientific advancement became prioritity.
What is sponsoring.
A new branch of laws that came from natural laws. The belief that order in nature meant there should be order in society.
What are Sociatal Laws.
These two humanist thinkers challenged Europe's highest authority (15th and 16th centuries).
Who are Luther and Valla.
The conclusion of Biblical scholars (pre-1600s) about why the Earth was at the center of the universe.
Hint: Based on Joshua 10:12-14
What is "if the Sun can stand still, it must revolve around the Earth".
Copernicus's book that provided perspective on how his theory would align with Christian doctrine.
What is On the Heavenly Bodies.
Through the Scientific Revolution, these institutions were proven to be imperfect and capable of error, a new idea for this time.
Hint: they were based on classical works
What are the Protestant and Catholic Church.
(Fill in the blank)
Developments in science led to new ideas in _____.
Hint: Theories that govern human behavior
What are social sciences.