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CONTINUITY & CHANGE
TRAP ANSWERS
100
“An iron curtain has descended across the Continent.” What division is described?
What is the split between Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe and the West? — MC TIP: Churchill, 1946. It names the Cold War before it fully begins.
100
Because both superpowers held nuclear arsenals, this is how they competed instead.
What is through proxy wars, aid, and espionage? — MC TIP: Direct war was unthinkable, so competition moved elsewhere.
100
India and Algeria both won independence but differed most in this respect.
What is India's was largely negotiated and nonviolent while Algeria's was a brutal eight-year war? — MC TIP: Method varies with the colonizer's willingness to leave.
100
Continuity: many newly independent states kept these, inherited from their colonizers.
What are their colonial borders? — MC TIP: Which is why ethnic conflict so often followed independence.
100
A choice says American and Soviet armies fought each other directly. The accurate answer is this.
What is they never did, competing only through proxies? — MC TIP: If a choice has them in direct battle, it is wrong.
200
“The salt of this coast belongs to those who walk it, and we shall take it without striking a man.” Name the method.
What is nonviolent civil disobedience? — MC TIP: Gandhi's Salt March. Break an unjust law openly and accept the penalty.
200
Because World War II bankrupted the European powers, this became possible for their colonies.
What is independence? — MC TIP: Empires were too broke and too weak to hold on.
200
Name one thing the Chinese and Cuban revolutions had in common.
What is both were communist movements promising land reform to peasants? — MC TIP: Land redistribution is the recruiting tool in both.
200
Change: this became the dominant political form worldwide as empires dissolved.
What is the independent nation-state? — MC TIP: UN membership roughly quadruples. That is the measurable evidence.
200
A choice says decolonization was always peaceful. The accurate answer is this.
What is many struggles were extremely violent, including Algeria, Vietnam, and Kenya? — MC TIP: Gandhi is famous, not typical.
300
“We are neither of the East nor of the West; we take aid from both and orders from neither.” Name the stance.
What is non-alignment? — MC TIP: A deliberate third position, not indecision.
300
Because newly independent states needed money and weapons, this happened during the Cold War.
What is they were pressured to choose a superpower side? — MC TIP: Independence did not mean autonomy. That irony is heavily tested.
300
The Marshall Plan and Soviet control of Eastern Europe shared this same goal.
What is securing a sphere of influence in postwar Europe? — MC TIP: Different methods, identical strategic purpose.
300
Continuity: many former colonies remained economically dependent on this.
What is exporting raw materials to their former colonizers? — MC TIP: Neocolonialism. Political freedom without economic freedom.
300
A choice says communism succeeded through urban worker revolutions as Marx predicted. In China and Cuba it was this instead.
What is peasant-based revolution? — MC TIP: Reality diverged from theory. That divergence is a favorite question.
400
“The backyard furnaces made iron too brittle to use, and the harvest rotted while we made it.” Name the campaign.
What is the Great Leap Forward? — MC TIP: Ideology overriding expertise, with famine as the result.
400
Because Soviet stagnation collided with the arms race and Afghanistan, this followed.
What is the collapse of the Soviet Union? — MC TIP: Economics, not battlefield defeat. Name the financial cause.
400
Unlike most decolonizing regions, Latin America was already independent but still faced this.
What is Cold War intervention, including U.S.-backed coups? — MC TIP: Guatemala and Chile. Independence did not prevent interference.
400
Change: after 1945 these bodies gained real influence over global finance and development.
What are the IMF and the World Bank? — MC TIP: Loans came with conditions. Leverage without occupation.
400
A choice credits Gorbachev with intending to end communism. The accurate answer is this.
What is he intended to reform and save it? — MC TIP: Intent versus outcome. Do not read the ending back into his motives.
500
“We fought in their armies for a freedom they would not grant us at home.” What does this help explain?
What is the acceleration of decolonization after 1945? — MC TIP: Wartime service plus imperial exhaustion equals independence movements.
500
Because Gorbachev introduced glasnost, this unintended consequence followed across the bloc.
What is suppressed nationalist and reform movements surfaced and could not be contained? — MC TIP: Opening the lid released pressure the state could not put back.
500
Name the shared reason apartheid, colonial rule, and segregation all faced effective challenge after 1945.
What is organized mass movements able to use global media and international pressure to delegitimize them? — MC TIP: Global visibility is the new lever. That is what changed.
500
Change: by 1991 the bipolar world had become this.
What is a world with the United States as sole superpower? — MC TIP: The unipolar moment. It sets the stage for Unit 9.
500
A stimulus shows a newly independent African state, and a choice claims independence brought immediate prosperity. The accurate answer is this.
What is most faced arbitrary borders, single-export economies, and Cold War interference? — MC TIP: Watch for ‘immediate’ and ‘prosperity.’ Independence was the start of the problem.