“The box is the same in Shanghai as in Rotterdam, and no hand need touch the cargo between them.” Name the innovation.
What is containerization? — MC TIP: Standardization is the point. It collapses shipping costs worldwide.
100
Because vaccines, antibiotics, and sanitation cut death rates, this followed in the twentieth century.
What is rapid global population growth? — MC TIP: Death rates fall before birth rates do. That gap is the population explosion.
100
The League of Nations and the United Nations differ most importantly in this way.
What is the UN includes all major powers and can authorize force? — MC TIP: Enforcement capacity. Always the answer on this compare.
100
Continuity: this remains the primary political unit despite globalization.
What is the nation-state? — MC TIP: Predictions of its death were premature. Borders still matter.
100
A choice says globalization began in the 1990s. The accurate answer is this.
What is global connection dates back at least to 1492, and arguably to the Silk Roads? — MC TIP: The CED wants the long arc, not a recent invention.
200
“We planted the new seed and harvested twice what our fathers did, but the fertilizer must be bought each year.” Name the program.
What is the Green Revolution? — MC TIP: More food AND more debt. Give both halves or you miss the question.
200
Because air travel and dense cities connect the world, this is now true of disease.
What is it can spread globally within days? — MC TIP: Connectivity cuts both ways, exactly as in Unit 2.
200
Unlike the Columbian Exchange, twentieth-century global exchange moved primarily this.
What is information and capital? — MC TIP: Goods still move, but data and money move instantly. That is what is new.
200
Change: by 2000 this had become instantaneous and nearly free worldwide.
What is communication? — MC TIP: From months to milliseconds in a century.
200
A choice claims globalization benefited everyone equally. The accurate answer is this.
What is benefits were distributed very unevenly? — MC TIP: ‘Everyone’ and ‘equally’ are red-flag words.
300
“The factory closed here and opened where wages are a tenth of ours.” Name the process.
What is outsourcing? — MC TIP: Capital moves freely. Labor does not. That asymmetry is the whole story.
300
Because industrialized nations burned fossil fuels for two centuries, this is the global result.
What is climate change? — MC TIP: Historical responsibility is why climate negotiations stall.
300
Name one thing the Iranian Revolution and the anti-globalization protests had in common.
What is both were rejections of Western-led globalization? — MC TIP: Very different movements, same underlying grievance.
300
Continuity: this gap between wealthy and poor regions persisted and in places widened.
What is global economic inequality? — MC TIP: Globalization raised total wealth without equalizing it.
300
A choice says the United Nations can force member states to comply. The accurate answer is this.
What is enforcement depends on member cooperation, especially the Security Council? — MC TIP: Sovereignty limits every international body. Know that ceiling.
400
“We are told to open our markets and cut our subsidies before the loan is released.” Name the arrangement.
What is IMF and World Bank structural adjustment? — MC TIP: Conditional lending. Influence without occupation.
400
Because free trade agreements lowered barriers, this happened to manufacturing in wealthy countries.
What is much of it relocated to lower-wage countries? — MC TIP: Winners and losers within the same country. Say both.
400
Name who benefited most and who benefited least from late-twentieth-century globalization.
What is multinational corporations and skilled workers in wealthy states benefited most, while industrial workers in those states and many low-wage workers abroad benefited least? — MC TIP: Name specific groups, not just ‘the rich.’
400
Change: these non-state actors gained real influence over global affairs after 1945.
What are multinational corporations and NGOs? — MC TIP: Power no longer belongs only to states. That is structurally new.
400
A choice describes religious fundamentalism as a leftover from the premodern past. The accurate answer is this.
What is it is a modern reaction to secularization and globalization? — MC TIP: Modern reaction, not survival. That reframe is the point.
500
“They drink our cola and watch our films and call it choice; we call it the drowning of what was ours.” Name the concern.
What is cultural homogenization? — MC TIP: The fear that global culture flattens local culture. It is contested, not settled.
500
Because social media let organizers coordinate past state censorship, this became possible in 2010 and 2011.
What is the Arab Spring? — MC TIP: Technology lowers the cost of organizing. It does not guarantee the outcome.
500
Name the underlying reason global institutions struggle on climate change but succeeded on ozone depletion.
What is ozone had cheap substitutes and few affected industries, while fossil fuels underpin entire economies and involve competing national interests? — MC TIP: Cost and political scale explain the difference. A genuine analysis question.
500
Change: this demographic shift is now reshaping wealthy societies and their labor forces.
What is aging populations and falling birth rates? — MC TIP: It drives immigration debates and welfare-state strain.
500
A stimulus shows K-pop or Bollywood succeeding worldwide, and a choice calls it proof of American cultural dominance. The accurate answer is this.
What is cultural flows run in multiple directions, not only outward from the West? — MC TIP: One-directional framings of culture are almost always wrong.