Unit 1-The global tapestry
Considered one of the last great Mesoamerican empires before the europeans arrived. Rituals to their gods often include human sacrifice. Located in what is know central mexico.
What was the Aztec empire
Groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances
What are Caravans/ Caravanserai?
The last imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Ming Dynasty and succeeded by the People's Republic. Formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state. Founded in 1644 by the Manchus and ruled China for more than 260 years, until 1912. Expanded China's borders to include Taiwan, Tibet, Chinese Central Asia, and Mongolia.
What was the Ming Dynasty?
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by strictly regulating the economy to obtain large amounts of gold and silver by selling more goods than they bought and utilizing colonies.
What is mercantilism?
rights granted to all people by nature or God that cannot be denied or restricted by any government or individual; are often said to be granted to people by "natural law." Often discussed by Enlightenment thinker John Locke
What are natural rights?
An idea made by Confuscius, reminding you to respect those above you based on age, gender, and status.
What is Filial Piety?
disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population
What was the Black Plague?
The ottoman empire, the safavid empire, and the mughal empire.
What were the Gunpowder Empires?
a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. For example tobacco.
What is a cash crop?
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil; utilized during the c. 1750 time period and led to increased crop yields and growing population.
What is crop rotation?
The "Great Schism" started with key differences between the Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church. The differing relationship between God the Father, Jesus Christ the son, and the Holy spirit. Another reason for the split in 1054 was a question of authority over this type of religious leader.
What is the Pope?
The Lanteen sail (possibility against the wind), the astrolabe (determining from the stars), stern rudder (controls direction) were all created for this type of travel/ trade.
What is Indian Ocean trade?
'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries (elite military units utilized by the Ottomans)
What is a Devshirme?
A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians.
What is Indentured servitude?
Adam Smith's theory: A hands off approach to economic development; the government should limit its interference in the economy
What is Laissez-faire economics?
A series of wars organized by the western european christians, hoping to reclaim the holy lands of the middle east that were being run over by muslim states.
What were the crusades?
Power trading society in West Africa, rich in gold and ivory
What is Mali?
the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam; a result of the presence of the Mughal Empire in India
What is Sikhism?
It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people (but generally exploited them) and convert them to Christianity. It was a form of coercive labor.
What is the encomienda system?
a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. A middle-ground between capitalizm and communism
What is Socialism?
Extensive adoption of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
What was sinification?
The holiest city of Islam; Muhhamad's birthplace.
What is Mecca?
a tribute system to the Inca government in the form of labor, public service was required in community-driven projects such as the building of their extensive road network.
What is the Mita System?
a Spanish priest who became famous for trying to defend the Native Indians, and improve their treatment; he encouraged Europeans to import African slaves.
Who is Bartolome de las Casas?
Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876
What are the Tanzimat reforms?