Unit 1: 1200-1450
Name any development taking place during the Song Dynasty that aided Song rule
Define Caravanserai
Inns on the sides of the Silk Roads that provided traveling merchants with shelter and protection from thieves
Name each gunpowder empire and the similarities they shared
Mughal Empire, Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Qing Dynasty
Land-based, expanded quickly, rulers and subjects were ethnically different from each other
Define mercantilism
Economic theory in which exports are prioritized to ensure more profit and, using colonies, materials are harvested and sent back to the empire for production and export
Describe the Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was also known as the Age of Reason, reason and logic was prioritized over tradition and political value and individual's roles were questioned
What was mainly transported via the Silk Roads? Multiple answers, give however many you'd like
Porcelain, Silk, Religion (Islam, Buddhism), CHAMPA RICE!!!!!
Name economic developments that improved trade
Paper money, banking houses
What was the difference between Sunni Islam and Shi'a Islam?
Sunni - The belief that Muhammed's successor could be any Muslim that was spiritually fit to take on the role
Shi'a - The belief that Muhammed's successor MUST be a blood relative of him
Columbian exchange. Name everything you know about it
Mainly: goods brought into europe: potatoes, maize, tobacco, rubber, cash crops (such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton)
goods brought to the Americas: meat, wheat, sugar, rice, horses, cattle, chickens, like any farm animal basically, firearms
AND DISEASES LIKE SMALLPOX, INFLUENZA, AND MEASLES THAT KILLED SO MANY PEOPLE
Replaced mercantilism, Advocated for laissez-faire (leave alone, free of government), private owners control property and profit without government meddling
What were the three main religions in South Asia?
Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism
Knowledge of what was required to travel through the Indian Ocean Trade Networks?
Monsoon Winds
Describe the Devshirme system
A system used by the Ottoman bureaucracy in which the bureaucracy was staffed with highly trained individuals, and the best individuals were given elite positions within the bureaucracy
What were joint stock companies
Companies that were owned by investors that had shares, and removed the risks of ownerships since investors didn't actually lose anything. Which is why so many people liked it
Define Socialism
Economic & Political theory in which the government has large intervention on behalf of community, so like minimum wage for workers or social security income for elderly.
A system which required all individuals under Inca rule to provide tribute in the form of labor to large projects run by the state (for example construction, military, mining, or state farms)
What technological innovations were made that advanced ocean travel and trade?
Magnetic compasses, Astrolabe, credit systems for easier transactions
A series of complaints written by Martin Luther and nailed to the door of the Roman Catholic Church. They were written due to Martin Luther's dislike of the corruption within the church, specifically the sale of indulgences (paying to erase one's sins)
What were the effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade
Race based hierarchies in the Americas
Increased polygyny because the African male population dwindled
Syncretic belief systems
What is nationalism?
Nationalism is the feeling of loyalty towards others of the same ethnicity, culture, language, and desire for an independent government
Examples: 13 colonies, Italian and German unifictation after napoleon
Describe the Feudal system
Manorialism: Manors being land owned by a lord after being granted the land by a king, rented out to peasants (tip for remembering: think of the term LANDLORD)
Serfs worked the land, they were slaves minus the part about being owned by someone else (tip for remembering: that one song The Mind Electric where it goes "see how the serfs work the ground" I'll play it if you don't know)
What were khanates?
A blend of Hinduism and Islam, discarded gender hierarchies present in Islam, Discarded the Hindu caste system, kept the belief in one god and the belief in reincarnation and death cycle
Describe the Latam caste system
Peninsulares were born in Spain or Portugal.
Criollos were of Europe descent, but were born in the Americas
Castas were mixed-race (Mestizos, Mulattoes, Zambos)
Indigenous/Enslaved is pretty self-explanitory
One could move up the system through marriage only
Describe the industrial revolution
The historical development beginning in Great Britain in which the mechanization of labor resulted in an increased production of goods, leading to pollution, workers mistreatment, and capitalistic spread