Macromolecules and Cell Membranes
ATP is ________________.
a nucleotide
The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________.
differentiation
Both primary and secondary active transport require the expenditure of metabolic energy.
true or false?
True!
Which macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a human cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?
mRNA
Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton?
long bone
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
Proteins
What are the four major primary tissues?
Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels down ________.
their electrochemical gradients
Transcription and translation take place in the ________ and ________, respectively.
nucleus; cytoplasm
In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for ________.
vitamin D synthesis
Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell?
mitochondria
Which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
Avascular
Polarity
Contractility
Cellularity
Contractility
The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances ________ their ________ gradient.
down (with); concentration
Which of the following is the term for the 3 letter codes of the mRNA molecule that ribosomes use to synthesize new proteins?
Codons
Rank/Order the skin cancers from most severe (worst prognosis) to least severe (best prognosis)
Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma (1)
Basal cell carcinoma (3)
Squamous cell carcinoma (2)
In which organelle are carbohydrate chains added to glycoproteins?
Golgi apparatus
Connective tissue is made of which three essential components?
cells, ground substance, and protein fibers
In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis?
On the inside surface of the vesicle
With which of the following nucleotides will adenine complementary pair?
Thymine, and uracil
Match the mode of secretion with its description.
Eccrine, Apocrine, Holocrine
Cells release products through exocytosis
The cell ruptures (lysis) and dies
Cells release products through pinching off of the apical region but the cell remains alive
Cells release products through exocytosis, Eccrine
Cells release products through pinching off of the apical region but the cell remains alive, Apocrine
The cell ruptures (lysis) and dies, Holocrine
Lipids that form membranes have what kind of structure?
Polar heads and nonpolar tails; the polar heads interact with water.
In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?
columnar
which move molecules with their concentration gradient and do not require the use of cellular ATP
Simple diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated diffusion
RNA contains which bases?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
Match the accessory organ with its mode of secretion
Eccrine mode of secretion, Apocrine mode of secretion, and Holocrine mode of secretion
Sebaceous gland, Eccrine sweat gland, Apocrine sweat gland
Eccrine mode of secretion, Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine mode of secretion, Eccrine sweat gland
Holocrine mode of secretion, Sebaceous gland