Macromolecules
Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates in the human body?
Used as structural elements in nucleic acids
Used as an energy source
Used on the surface of the plasma membrane for cell identity
Used as energy storage in the form of starch
AND WHY
Used as energy storage in the form of starch
In which organelle is most of the ATP generated in a cell?
mitochondria
(Powerhouse of the cell) :)
Which of the following is the molecule that carries the indicated amino acid into the ribosome to use when making the indicated protein during translation?
tRNA
The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________.
differentiation
The skeletal system is made of ________.
bones and cartilage
Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a human cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?
mRNA
Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________.
Active transport
Which of the following is the term for the 3 letter codes of the mRNA molecule that ribosomes use to synthesize new proteins?
Codons
Which of the following skin cancers is most likely to metastasize?
Melanoma
Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________.
make blood cells
Lipids that contain a high number of double bonds in their fatty acid chains will ________.
AND WHY
Liquid at room temp
The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances ________ their ________ gradient.
down (with); concentration
Why is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum unable to synthesize proteins?
No ribosomes are attached to its surface.
Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
In what region of the long bone would you expect to find the primary ossification center
Diaphysis
A phospholipid is a ________.
nonpolar lipid molecule that is made amphipathic by the addition of a phosphate
You are learning about an integral membrane protein. This protein has a region that is exposed to the extracellular fluid, a region that spans the membrane, and another region that is exposed to the intracellular fluid.
Is it nonpolar, polar, or amphipathic AND WHY????
amphipathic
describes a molecule that exhibits a difference in polarity between its two ends, resulting in a difference in water solubility
A certain protein receptor is capable of binding the neurotransmitter epinephrine but does not bind to the neurotransmitters dopamine, glutamate, or serotonin. This is because the receptor displays what characteristic?
Specificity
Explain third degree burns: what's damaged, appearance, and pain
Dermis damaged
Epidermis damaged
Hypodermis damaged
Charred appearance
Little-to-no pain
During intramembranous ossification, which is produced first?
Trabeculum of spongy bone
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
As a disaccharide
Which of the following lipids can be found in the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids, and Cholesterol
DNA contains which bases?
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Rank/Order the skin cancers from most severe (worst prognosis) to least severe (best prognosis)
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Place the steps of intramembranous ossification in order
Trabeculae form from osteoid
Mesenchyme differentiates into osteogenic cells
Periosteum forms on the surface of spongy bone
Osteoblasts secrete osteoid and become osteocytes trapped in lacunae
Osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Continued growth crowds blood vessels condensing them into red bone marrow
Compact bone is produced deep to the periosteum and superficial to the trabeculae
Mesenchyme differentiates into osteogenic cells and capillaries
Osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts secrete osteoid and become osteocytes trapped in lacunae
Trabeculae form from osteoid secreted around capillaries
Periosteum forms on the surface of spongy bone
Compact bone is produced deep to the periosteum and superficial to the trabeculae
Continued growth crowds blood vessels, condensing them into red bone marrow