Bones
What are osteogenic cells?
Undifferentiated stem cells that will turn into osteoblasts.
Give an example of a ball and socket joint.
Shoulder joint, hip joint
Names of muscles include what information?
Action of muscle, structural characteristics, region of body, position/direction or fascicle arrangement.
Name the glial cells found in the CNS and those found in the PNS.
CNS:Astrocytes, microglial, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells.
PNS: Satellite cells, Schwann cells
What are the glands that secrete waxy material in the ear?
Ceruminous glands
What type of ossification requires a cartilage template?
Endochondral Ossification
Moving one's arm away from the body is known as____
abducting
A _____ opposes the action of a primary mover muscle.
Antagonist
Describe the importance of myelin. What is a disease that is affected by the degeneration of myelin?
Myelin allows signal transmissions to be faster and much more efficient. In Multiple Sclerosis the myelin sheath in CNS gets degraded leading to impaired transmissions.
What are the three auditory ossicles?
Incus, malleus, stapes
What is the only moveable bone in the cranium?
Mandible
What is the meniscus? where is it found?
Found in knee joint. A pad of fibrocartilage that absorbs shock.
What is the primary neurotransmitter in the neuromuscular junction? What happens to it after it binds to a receptor?
Acetylcholine
Gets reuptaken into neuron, gets inactivated by acetylcholinesterase, stays in the synapse.
What is the difference between a cholinergic and adrenergic receptor?
Cholinergic: receptors that have ACh bind to them
Adrenergic: Have epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline) bind to them
What does the diencephalon become?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What is the name of the process that we know as "cheekbone"?
Zygomatic process of temporal bone or temporal process of zygomatic bone
The inflammation of the bursa.
Bursitis
During muscle contraction what does calcium bind to in order to expose active site?
Troponin
What is the primary ion that causes action potentials?
Na+
Structure in the brain associated with fear
Amygdala
What is the importance of foramens?
Allow vasculature and/or nerves to pass through.
What type of joint is the elbow?
Hinge synovial joint
What are the embryonic muscle cells that fuse to create a multinucleate cell which later differentiate into muscle fibers?
Myoblasts
Describe difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Sympathetic (fight or flight): When body is put under any sort of stress norepinephrine and epinephrine are released to bind to adrenergic receptors in different organs. Causes vasoconstriction, heart rate increases, glycogenesis increases, bronchodilation, pupils dilate, GI tract and bladder stop motility.
Parasympathetic: Relaxes the body, opposes sympathetic effects. Release of acetylcholine. Causes bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, decrease heart rate, more GI and bladder motility, pupils constrict.
Where does speech production occur?
Broca's area