Anatomy & Organization
A scientist examines the physical shape and arrangement of the kidneys.
Anatomy
What part of a feedback system carries out the response?
effector
What type of bond forms when one atom transfers an electron to another atom?
ionic
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
plasma membrane
Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines many internal organs?
epithelial
Put these levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex:
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
The nose is ______ to the ears.
medial
What type of bond involves atoms sharing electrons?
covalent
What organelle contains the cell's DNA?
nucleus
Which tissue type is specialized for contraction?
muscle
The lungs, trachea, and other structures work together to accomplish breathing. What level of organization does this represent?
Organ system
The ankle is ______ to the knee.
distal
A solution has a pH of 2. Is it acidic or basic?
acidic
Which organelle produces the cell's ATP?
Mitochondria
What type of connective tissue stores energy and provides insulation?
Adipose tissue
Why would understanding the structure of the heart help you understand how it functions?
Structure and function are closely related; the heart's anatomy allows it to perform its job of pumping blood.
The MRI divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. What plane is being used?
Frontal/coronal plane
A substance cannot cross the lipid bilayer on its own, so a membrane protein helps it move down its concentration gradient. What process is this?
Facilitated diffusion
A cell needs to make large amounts of proteins for export. Which organelle would be especially important?
Rough ER
A patient damages a tendon while playing sports. What two structures does a tendon normally connect?
muscle to bone
A problem with one protein causes problems in several organs. What does this demonstrate about the levels of organization?
The levels of organization are interdependent.
Why is negative feedback much more common in the human body than positive feedback?
Negative feedback reverses or reduces the original change and helps maintain stability/homeostasis
A chemical reaction breaks a large molecule into smaller molecules. Is this an anabolic or catabolic process?
catabolic
A cell takes a large particle into itself by surrounding it with its membrane. What process is occurring?
Phagocytosis, a type of endocytosis
Why does damaged cartilage tend to heal slowly?
Cartilage has a poor blood supply, limiting delivery of oxygen and nutrients needed for repair.