the lymphatic system
Name ONE function of lymph nodes
Filter lymphatic fluid returned from tissue (interstitial fluid) and contain lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and reticular cells.
Label E and G on slide 4 (including the side of the lung)
E: Middle Lobe of Right Lung
G: Superior Lobe of Left Lung
Label A & D on slide 8
A: Descending Aorta
D: Renal Vein
Label D & G on slide 12.
D: Pyloric sphincter
G: Pancreas
Label B & G on slide 14
B: Primary follicle
G: Corpus luteum
Label G on slide 1
Bronchial Lymph Node
Label D, F, & H on slide 5
D: Pulmonary Arteriole
F: Alveolar Capillaries
H: Alveolar Sacs
Label F & G on slide 9
F: Efferent Arteriole
G: Afferent Arteriole
What is the function of the small and large intestine in the digestive system?
The small intestine absorbs most nutrients, vitamins, and water.
The large intestine hosts a plethora of microbes, completes water reabsorption, and compacts feces.
Label D & F on slide 15.
What stage of development is this?
D: Child’s portion of the placenta (chorion)
F: Amnion
3 month old fetus
Label B on slide 2.
What is the function of B in the lymphatic system?
Spleen. Contains macrophages that engulf invaders and dying red blood cells, elicits an immune response
The nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles are lined with ______.
What is the function?
respiratory epithelium or ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
These cells help with humidity and filtration of the air.
Label A & B on slide 10.
What is prevented from exiting glomerular capillaries?
A: podocyte nuclei
B: Filtration slits
Prevents proteins and blood from exiting.
Label the regional specializations on slide 13.
esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ascending colon
The testis produces _____ and_______.
What hormones stimulate the production of each?
spermatozoa (follicle stimulating hormone), androgens (luteinizing hormone).
Label the leukocyte pictured on slide 3.
What is the difference between specific and nonspecific immunity?
Basophil.
Specific immunity - relies on the ability of lymphocytes to produce trillions of unique antigen receptors. These receptors bind to specific regions (epitope) of invading pathogens or toxins.
Non-specific resistance – involves physical barriers (such as skin, leukocytes, macrophages) that produce antimicrobial agents and phagocytize invaders without prior exposure to pathogen
Label C, E, & F on slide 6 and specify if it's a muscle of inspiration or expiration.
C: Sternocleidomastoid (Inspiration)
E: Internal Intercostals (Expiration)
F: External Abdominal Oblique (Expiration)
What letters on slide 11 make up one nephron, give letters and names
A-H
a)Glomerulus
b)Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
c)Proximal Convoluted Tubule
d)Descending Limb (Thick)
e)Descending Limb (Thin)
f)Ascending Limb (Thin)
g)Ascending Limb (Thick)
h)Distal Convoluted Tubule
Name the 3 components of bile and the function of bile in the digestive system.
Bile is composed of bile salts, minerals, and pigments.
Bile emulsifies and preps fat for absorption. Form micelles that can be absorbed into columnar epithelial cells.
Label E-M on slide 16
E: Corpus luteum
F: Oocyte
G: Fertilization (union of sperm and egg)
H: Blastocyst
I: Sperm and egg nuclei swell
and become pronuclei (arrows)
then join, forming the zygote
J: 2-cell stage
K: 4-cell stage
L: Morula
M: Implanted embryo (embryoblast)
What are the 3 processes the lymphatic system is involoved in and how do they work?
Fluid Recovery, Lipid Absorption, and Immune System Defense.
The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance by collecting excess interstitial fluid and returning it to the bloodstream.
The lymphatic system transports lipids like fatty acids and cholesterol. After absorption in the small intestine by columnar epithelial cells, lipids are packaged into chylomicrons, which are too large for blood capillaries. Instead, they enter lacteals and travel through lymphatic vessels and nodes before entering the bloodstream via the subclavian vein near the heart.
The lymphatic system transports immune cells, such as lymphocytes, throughout the body to help identify and combat infections.
Correctly label the recording of normal and forced lung volumes on slide 7.
Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 Second, Forced Expiratory Volume at 3 Seconds, Vital Capacity
When the __________ detects increased filtrate flow, it releases __________ molecules that signal the __________ cells to contract, causing the __________ arteriole to constrict, which lowers __________ and reduces __________. Conversely, a drop in blood pressure leads to relaxation of these cells, dilating the arteriole and increasing GFR.
macula densa, paracrine, juxtaglomerular (JG), afferent, glomerular blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
The digestive tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestine. Each region contains specialized glands and modifications. Name the specialized glands and modifications of each.
The esophagus secretes mucous (esophageal glands in the submucosa) to reduce friction as food is swallowed.
The stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsinogen from mucosal gastric glands.
The small intestine contains villi and microvilli (modifications of the mucosa).
The large intestine possesses crypts which aid in water reabsorption and mucous secretion.
The female reproductive cycle is regulated by pituitary hormones and ovarian hormones. Just before menstruation, __________ levels rise, stimulating follicle growth and production of __________. As follicles mature, one follicle dominates. Around two weeks post-menstruation, a surge in __________ triggers __________. The remaining follicle becomes the __________, producing progesterone and estrogens to thicken the __________. If no pregnancy occurs, the __________ layer is shed during menstruation.
follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, ovulation, corpus luteum, endometrium, and functionalis