Basic Concepts
Basic parts of a citation
What are....
Creator.
Title.
Where you got it
Who published it
The author of this article:
Alkhouri, K. I. (2025). Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: A psychology of religion perspective. International Review of Psychiatry, 37(5), 540–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2025.2488761
Who is K.I. Alkhouri
Identify this type of citation:
Shoesmith, G. (2014). Psychology : a new complete GCSE course : for AQA specification 4180 / Geoffrey Shoesmith (Second edition.). The Lutterworth Press.
What is a book
REFERENCE CITATION
Au: Ashley Crossman
Publication date: May 10, 2025
Title: How Psychology Defines and Explains Deviant Behavior
Website: ThoughtCo
URL: https://www.thoughtco.com/psychological-explanations-of-deviant-behavior-3026268
What is
Crossman, A. (2025). How Psychology Defines and Explains Deviant Behavior. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/psychological-explanations-of-deviant-behavior-3026268
Citation or not?
You use this quote in your paper:
"Odors are often considered to be powerful triggers of past memories. Recent studies have reinforced this idea, showing that autobiographical memories triggered by odors are generally more emotional, pleasant, and vivid, yet less frequent, than those prompted by visual or verbal cues."
CITE IT!
Format for author names in reference citations
What is...
Last name, First initial
The publisher of this article:
Alkhouri, K. I. (2025). Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: A psychology of religion perspective. International Review of Psychiatry, 37(5), 540–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2025.2488761
What is International Review of Psychiatry?
Identify this type of citation:
Alkhouri, K. I. (2025). Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: A psychology of religion perspective. International Review of Psychiatry, 37(5), 540–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2025.2488761
What is an article?
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase or summary)
Au: Ashley Crossman
Publication date: May 10, 2025
Title: How Psychology Defines and Explains Deviant Behavior
Website: ThoughtCo
URL: https://www.thoughtco.com/psychological-explanations-of-deviant-behavior-3026268
What is (Crossman, 2025)
Cite or not:
You read this quote "Research on music-evoked autobiographical memories has grown rapidly in recent years, suggesting that music can be an effective stimulus for cueing memories from one’s life."
You then write: Research suggests that music can remind us of events in our own past.
Yup! This is a paraphrase.
You'd write: Research suggests that music can remind us of events in our own past (Hanson et al. 2025)
Format for in-text citations for summary and paraphrase
What is (Author last name, Year of Publication)?
The title of this article:
Alkhouri, K. I. (2025). Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: A psychology of religion perspective. International Review of Psychiatry, 37(5), 540–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2025.2488761
What is Spiritual confusion in the era of artificial intelligence: A psychology of religion perspective?
Identify this citation:
Hopper, E. (2025). The Life of Carl Jung, Founder of Analytical Psychology. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-carl-jung-4164462
What is a website?
INTEXT CITATION (Paraphrase or summary):
Au: Margarita Azmitia; Michelle Martin; Shawn Blue; Michael Johnson, Michael Perez, Anita Pham, Peter Shear
Title: Report of the American Psychological Association’s Board of Scientific Affairs Task Force on Promotion, Tenure, and Retention of Faculty of Color in Psychology.
Journal: American Psychologist
Publication date: Sept 2025
Volume 80
Issue: 6
Page with quote: 178
What is
(Azmitia et al., 2025).
Cite or not: It is difficult to interpret people's dreams, according to psychologists.
Yup! Comes from an article and is not common knowledge! It would read
It is difficult to interpret people's dreams, according to psychologists (Vinney, 2019).
Format for in-text citations with a quote
What is (Author's last name, year of publication, page number)?
The website for this citation:
Hopper, E. (2025). The Life of Carl Jung, Founder of Analytical Psychology. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-carl-jung-4164462
What is ThoughtCo?
Things that should be capitalized in a citation
What are proper nouns and first words?
IN-TEXT CITATION WITH QUOTE:
Au: Margarita Azmitia; Michelle Martin; Shawn Blue
Title: Report of the American Psychological Association’s Board of Scientific Affairs Task Force on Promotion, Tenure, and Retention of Faculty of Color in Psychology.
Journal: American Psychologist
Publication date: Sept 2025
Volume 80
Issue: 6
Page with quote: 178
What is (Azmitia et al, 2025, p. 178)
Cite or not:
The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776
Not needed; common knowledge
When you should cite
What is any time you have material that is not your own experience
The publisher of this citation:
Shoesmith, G. (2014). Psychology : a new complete GCSE course : for AQA specification 4180 / Geoffrey Shoesmith (Second edition.). The Lutterworth Press.
What is The Lutterworth Press?
Where you put the in-text citation in the sentence?
Before the period of the sentence. Never put it outside of the period.
REFERENCE CITATION:
Au: Margarita Azmitia; Michelle Martin; Shawn Blue
Title: Report of the American Psychological Association’s Board of Scientific Affairs Task Force on Promotion, Tenure, and Retention of Faculty of Color in Psychology.
Journal: American Psychologist
Publication date: Sept 2025
Volume 80
Issue: 6
Page: 178-188
Azmitia, M., Martin, M. Y., Blue, S., Bookwala, J., Johnson, M. L., Perez, M., Pham, A., & Shear, P. (2025). Report of the American Psychological Association’s Board of Scientific Affairs Task Force on Promotion, Tenure, and Retention of Faculty of Color in Psychology. American Psychologist, 80(6), 953–963. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001539
Cite or not:
Psychology students at Lycoming College must take PSY 212.
Sorry, this is not common knowledge, so you have to cite it!