Punctuation
This is what parentheses surround after the author(s) in a References List entry.
What is the publication year?
These two pieces of information are minimally required to cite a paraphrase.
What are the author(s) last name and the year.
The Reference list is alphabetized by which criteria?
What is by first author's last name?
These are the specific line spacing and margin rules for APA format.
What is double-spaced lines and 1-inch margins?
You are citing a journal article by T. J. Berndt that was published in 2002. The article title is "Friendship Quality and Social Development" and was published in the journal "Communication Quarterly," volume 11, issue 5, and is found on pages 7-10. There is no DOI available.
What is:
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Communication Quarterly, 11(5), 7-10.
This is the punctuation mark that separates two separate articles included in one in-text citation (i.e., two separate references listed in the same parentheses).
What is a semi-colon? ;
e.g. (Brooks, 1999; Johnson, 2010)?
You are citing a quote that has two authors, "Wegener and Petty" from page 68, published in 2002. If you provide the entire citation within parentheses after the quote, how many commas will your citation have?
What is two: (Wegener & Petty, 2002, p. 68).
Instead of putting the full first name of an author in an APA References List entry, this is how you abbreviate it.
What is by using the initial of the first name instead?
Reference page listings are unique because the second line (and any subsequent lines) of a listing are formatted in this fashion.
What is with a "hanging indent"?
You are citing a book. The author is Thomas Parker, the book title is "Psychiatry Handbook" and was published in May, 2006, by Routledge Publications.
What is:
Parker, T. (2006). Psychiatry handbook. Routledge Publications.
In a References List entry for a book, this punctuation mark is placed after the publishing company name.
What is a period?
Not bothering with an APA citation when using someone else's quote might result in this serious accusation.
What is plagiarism.
In a Reference list entry for a chapter in an edited volume, this is the unique rule for specifying which pages the chapter is on.
What is with in parentheses and starting with "pp. "
e.g. (pp. 232-265)
When creating your References List at the end of your essay, this is how you format the title of that page.
The single word "References," bold and centered at the top of the page (i.e., a Level 1 Heading)
A journal article was written by two authors - D.T. Wegener and R.E. Petty in 1994. The title of the article is "Mood Management Across Affective States" and is from "Journal of Social Psychology", volume 66, issue 4, and is on pages 1034-1058. There is no DOI available.
What is:
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states. Journal of Social Psychology, 66(4), 1034-1058.
If, within the same citation, you cite two articles by the same exact author, this is the punctuation that separates the publishing year of each article.
What is a comma?
e.g:
(Smith, 2021, 2023).
You are making this direct quote in your text: Kuhn (2015) claimed that "Reese’s peanut butter cups are the best Halloween candy ever”
This is where the page number should go.
What is: after the quote, in parentheses?
For example: Kuhn (2015) claimed “Reese’s peanut butter cups are the best Halloween candy ever” (p. 13).
In your References list, if you provide the DOI for a journal article, this is what you must remove.
What is the issue number?
This is the capitalization rule for book titles in a References List entry.
What is: Capitalize only the first word of the main title and the first word of the sub-title?
(exception: Proper Nouns)
You are citing a journal article. The authors are William A. Henry and Joan H. Crawford. The article is called "Teaching approaches in American schools". It was published in the journal "Pedagogy", volume 5, issue 1, in the year 2002. The article is on pages 28-41. The DOI is 10.234BH/96AA
What is:
Henry, W. A., & Crawford, J. H. (2002). Teaching approaches in American schools. Pedagogy, 5, 28-41. https://doi.org/10.234BH/96AA
This is the punctuation mark missing from the following book citation:
Wojnowski, B. S., Pea, C. H. (2014). Models and approaches to STEM professional development. National Science Foundation Press.
What is an ampersand ("&") separating the two authors?
If, in your essay, you paraphrase a source that has three authors - Kerns, Cornell, and Harlow (2006) - this is how the citation would look.
What is: Kerns et al. (2006) or (Kerns et al., 2006)
In a Reference list entry for a chapter in an edited volume, this is where the name(s) of the volume editor(s) go.
What is after the chapter title and before the volume title?
For in-text quotes (short quotes, not block quotes), APA format dictates that periods should go in this very specific place.
What is at the end of the sentence AFTER the citation.
You are citing a chapter in an edited volume/book. The author of the chapter is P. G. Bergmann and the entry is titled "Relativity" from The New Handbook of Science Theory, edited by John P. Wright and Alice B. James. This edited volume was published in 2003, and the article is on pages 501-519. The volume was published by University of Chicago Press.
What is:
Bergmann, P. G. (2003). Relativity. In J. P. Wright & A. B. James (Eds.), The new handbook of science theory (pp. 501-519). University of Chicago Press.