APAAS Unit 3 Exam

Reconstruction

100

This new Federal agency would provide relief, food, shelter, and education to the 4 million “refugees” of slavery. At first the agency had the right to divide former white owned plantations and give it to Black families (this was vetoed by President Johnson).

The Freedman Bureau 

200

During Reconstruction, nearly 2,000 AA’s served in public office from the local level to U.S Senate. 

16 voted to Congress in Wash D.C, i.e → Sen. ____ ________ (Civil War hero who stole a Confederate ship, liberated 15 ppl + helped change Lincoln’s mind about Black men serving in the armed forces)

Robert Smalls

300

At the end of the Civil War in 1865, Union General William T. Sherman issued _____ _____ _____ No. __, which aimed to redistribute about 400,000 acres of land between South Carolina and Florida to newly freed African American families in segments of 40 acres, commonly known as “40 Acres and a Mule.”

Special Field Orders No. 15 

400

Identify and describe the 3 reconstruction amendments. 

13th -- Abolished slavery 

14th-- Birthright citizenship and equal protection

15th-- Prohibited denial of a citizen’s right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude,” 

500

Describe the Compromise of 1877

Republicans could keep the White House (through Rutherford B. Hayes) and have the election, as long as they promised to remove all troops out of the South. Republicans took the deal.

Post Reconstruction

100

How black voting suppressed after 1877 (identify two methods)

Literacy test 

Poll Taxes 

grandfather clauses 

200

A ____ ____ was a system of credit. Freedman came out of the slavery system with little or no money. Therefore, they didn’t have money for supplies or equipment so they would have to take a loan from the landowner. 

crop lien

300

Some families never reunited, leading to the creation of "____ ____" networks, where unrelated individuals formed close, family-like bonds to provide support and community.

fictive kin

400

What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court decision? 

 In 1896, the Court upheld segregation laws, ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregation was legal as long as facilities were "separate but equal," reinforcing racial segregation across the country.

500

Identify 3 ways in which the Black Codes hindered the progression of African Americans during the post-Reconstruction period. 

limiting their options for property ownership

requiring them to enter into unfair labor contracts 

Many annual labor contracts provided very little pay. 

 Those without a labor contract could be fined or imprisoned for vagrancy.

Children could be taken from families and forced into unpaid apprenticeships 

The Great Migration/WW1

100

made another famous statement after the war. He called for the brave soldiers to keep fighting for democracy. He wrote that despite of America’s hypocrisy and violent history of oppression and lynching, Black soldiers would demand equality

W.E.B Dubious 

200

a student choir at Fisk University, introduced the religious and musical tradition of African American spirituals to the global stage during their international tours.

Fisk Jubilee Singers 

300

were the primary providers of postsecondary education to African Americans up until the Black campus movement of the 1960s

HBCU's 

400

The 369th All Black regiment called the _______    _________ would see more combat than any other American troops during WW1. The “_______  _______” came from the Germans who feared their tenacity in battle. 

Harlem Hellfighters

500

What factors contributed to the Great Migration?

Labor shortages in the North 

Environmental issues (boll weevils, crop shortages)

White terrorism (i.e KKK, lynching)

Discriminatory racial laws (i.e Jim Crow, Black Codes)

Black Leaders

100

Building on the principles of the Niagara Movement, this group was founded in 1909 by both Black and white leaders, including Ida B. Wells, and W.E.B. Du Bois, who would become one of its most influential figures. was established with the goal of advocating for civil rights, challenging racial injustice through legal action, and fighting discrimination

NAACP

200

the first U.S woman millionaire who developed products that highlighted the beauty of black people, fostered black economic advancement, and supported community initiatives through philanthropy.

Madam CJ Walker

300

The African American author named ________ gained national attention after publishing articles and books such as The Red Record, to expose lynching as a tool of white supremacy, not justice.

Ida B. Wells 

400

Describe the differences between the uplift strategies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Dubious 

Washington --> focused on vocational training and limited political aspirations 

Dubious --> focused on higher education, political activism, and civil rights as a means of progression

500

Her view of “uplift” was somewhere in between Washington and DuBois' approach. Her activism was rooted in a more conservative, practical approach to uplift, with a focus on economic self-sufficiency and community building. Like Washington. She started her own vocational school, the National Training School for Women and Girls in Washington, D.C., in 1909.

Nannie Helen Burroughs 

The New Negro Movement

100

was a cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement centered in Harlem, New York, where African Americans sought to redefine their identity, celebrate their heritage, and resist systemic racism through creative expression.

The Harlem Renaissance 

200

led the largest pan-African (movements with a goal of unity of Africans and the elimination of colonialism and white supremacy) movement in African American history as founder of the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association). The UNIA aimed to unite all Black people and maintained thousands of members in countries throughout the Caribbean, Latin America, and Africa.

Marcus Garvey 

300

The New Negro movement pursued the creation of a ______ _______ (set of principles or values that define what is considered beautiful, meaningful) by emphasizing the importance of reclaiming African heritage and infusing it into art, literature, and music to create a unique cultural identity.

Black aesthetic 

400

is best known for his photographs of Black Harlemites, particularly the Black middle class. He often used props (including luxury items) and special poses to capture the vibrant personalities of everyday African Americans and leading figures such as Marcus Garvey and Mamie Smith.

James Van Der Zee

500

What is the significance of Paul Lawrence Dunbar’s “We Wear The MasK” and W.E.B. Du Bois’s concept of “the Veil”?

Both symbolize the separation of African Americans from full participation in American society due to racism and discrimination

Random

100

This time period focused on the rebuilding of Southern society after the war, replacing a society built completely on slavery, and the introduction of 4 million Black “new citizens” into Southern society. (Include the start and end dates)

Reconstruction (1865-1877)

200

period between the end of Reconstruction and the start of WW2 is widely considered the lowest point in American race relations since slavery.

 

Nadir

300

Between 1917 and 1921 there was a proliferation of racial violence incited by white supremacists. The acute period of tensions in 1919 is known as the ___ ____

The Red Summer 

400

______ _______ became the 1st Black man to serve in the US Congress and the US Senate (elected 1870). born to free parents in N Car., was well educated preacher. helped recruit Black men into the army during the Civil War. 

Hiram Revels 

500

AA’s continued to transform Christian worship in the U.S created their own institutions. The ______ ________ ________ Church (AME) was founded in 1816 as the first black Christian denomination in the U.S. After Reconstruction, the number of black churches increased significantly.

African Methodist Episcopal Church