PHOTOGRAPHY
This French photographer was ridiculed by Daumier for using hot air balloons to “raise photography to the level of art.”
NADAR
The leading Romantic before Delacroix was this man, who painted the Charging Chasseur with a leopard-skin saddle and the Raft of the Medusa.
Theodore GERICAULT
Delacrois repeatedly uses the colors blue, white, and red, in that order, to evoke this national flag of France.
The TRICOLORE
This object flies through the air in Fragonard’s The Swing.
a SHOE
While it may have had emperors, for more than 700 years Japan was really under the power of these military dictators.
SHOGUN
It’s the dynasty of Muslim rulers of India that included Akbar and Shah Jahan.
MUGHAL
Take a sheet of silver-plated copper, polish it to a mirror finish, and coat it with fumes to make it light-sensitive. Then you’re ready to take this type of photograph, used mostly after 1839.
DAGUERROTYPE
Delacroix did two versions of this painting, one much darker and more Rembrandty than the other. They show three women in a Muslim harem, with a hookah or water-pipe.
WOMEN OF ALGIERS
Liberty Leading the People does not depict the 1789 French Revolution, but this later revolution that overthrew Charles X and the Bourbon dynasty.
JULY REVOLUTION
Watteau frequently painted this character from the commedia dell’ arte, a sad clown dressed in white.
GILLES or PIERROT
Dominated by the shogunate established by Minamoto, this period saw the sculptures of Unkei and the Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace.
KAMAKURA period
This mausoleum evokes Muslim visions of paradise with its water features and gardens. It was constructed by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz.
TAJ MAHAL
Used to view eclipses of the sun, this type of pinhole device projects an image that is upside down and flipped. Leonardo da Vinci used it as a model of the human eye.
CAMERA OBSCURA
Exhibit A for this trend would be Ingres’ Grande Odalique or Delacroix’s Women of Algiers. It refers to stereotypes of Eastern cultures imagined through Western eyes.
ORIENTALISM
Liberty is wearing this type of headgear, a symbol of freedom also sported by Paris in Jacques-Louis David’s Paris and Helen.
PHRYGIAN CAP
He was the official court painter for Madame de Pompadour, and also painted cherubs playing with birds on strings.
Antoine BOUCHER
Zen Patriarch Xiangyen Zhixian Sweeping with a Broom, by Kano Motonobu and the Rock Garden of Ryoan-Ji date from this period from 1338-1573 when Buddhism took root in Japan.
MUROMACHI period
His name means “seizer of the world” and he is depicted by Bichitr as superior to the Ottoman Sultan and James I of England.
JAHANGIR
He used a pewter plate for his picture of the roofs of buildings at La Gras, France.
Nicephore NIEPCE
The Argus is a speck on the horizon as figures piled in a pyramid-shape try to flag it down, and corpses crowd the foreground of this Gericault painting.
The RAFT OF THE MEDUSA
The bare-breasted figure of Liberty is also referred to by this name, the feminine personification of France.
MARIANNE
It’s the term for Watteau’s paintings of couples in the countryside or embarking on boats, always presided over by a statue of Venus.
FÊTES GALANTES
Ogata Korin and the Rinpa school flourished in this period dominated by the Tokugawa Shogunate.
EDO period
Miniature paintings of Krishna and Radha in a pavilion and the celebration of Holi were done under this kingdom that remained Hindu while most of India was Muslim.
RAJPUT kingdom
Bitumen of Judea, when exposed to light, resists dissolution by oil of lavender and petroleum, enabling this earliest photographic process, from the Greek for “sun-writing.”
HELIOGRAPHY
Delacroix’s Massacre at Chios and Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi are Romantic documentation of atrocities committed by the Ottoman empire during this war.
GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Wrapped in smoke in the background, with a French flag flying from its tower, is this 14th century Gothic cathedral.
NOTRE DAME de Paris
Watteau did several paintings of couples boarding a golden boat to this island sacred to Venus, while diffuser-puffed cupids float into the air.
CYTHERA
Ink-brush landscapes on byobu screens used to divide rooms were produced during this period in the late 1500s.
(Azuchi-) MOMOYAMA period
This is the term for the rule of Queen Victoria and her successors when Britain took over India as a colonial power.
The British RAJ