Beneficial & Harmful Effects
This term describes an effect of a technology that was not part of the original design or purpose.
What is an unintended consequence?
This term refers to the gap between those who have access to the Internet and those who do not.
What is the Digital Divide?
Computing bias often stems from this, which is used to train Machine Learning models.
What is biased data?
This is the practice of obtaining input or services from a large number of people via the Internet.
What is crowdsourcing?
This legal protection gives the creator of a piece of work the exclusive right to copy and distribute it.
What is copyright?
While a GPS helps drivers find the fastest route, it can also lead to this harmful unintended consequence regarding data.
What is location tracking?
Name one demographic factor that often contributes to the Digital Divide.
What is age, income, geographic location, or education?
If a facial recognition system only works on light-skinned users, it is demonstrating this.
What is algorithmic bias?
This popular online encyclopedia is one of the most famous examples of crowdsourcing knowledge.
What is Wikipedia?
This is a "Creative Commons" license that allows others to use your work as long as they give you credit.
What is Attribution?
This is a primary benefit of the Internet, allowing people to work together on a project from different locations.
What is collaboration?
This is the primary reason why the Digital Divide is considered an equity issue in education.
What is access to online resources?
This is the best way for a programmer to prevent bias during the software development process.
What is using a diverse team of developers?
This term describes using crowdsourcing to raise money for a project or venture.
What is crowdfunding?
This type of attack involves posing as a trusted entity to trick users into giving up passwords.
What is phishing?
Sensors in "Smart Cities" can reduce traffic, but they often raise this major ethical concern regarding citizens.
What is privacy?
This global initiative aims to provide low-cost laptops or satellite internet to developing nations.
What is bridging the divide?
Because software is created by humans and trained on human-provided data, it often reflects these—the existing prejudices of the developers or the society that produced the data.
What are human biases?
This is a major advantage of crowdsourcing for scientific research, such as classifying stars or plants.
What is processing large datasets quickly?
This security measure requires a user to provide two different forms of identification to log in.
What is Multi-Factor-Authentication?
This type of software is distributed for free with its source code available for anyone to study, change, and distribute.
What is Open Source software?
Beyond individual access, the Digital Divide often reinforces these existing societal gaps, leading to a "rich get richer" effect in global innovation and economic power.
What are socioeconomic inequalities?
This specific type of bias occurs when the data collected for a system doesn't represent the entire population.
What is sampling bias?
This "Citizen Science" concept allows people to provide this type of data using their mobile GPS.
What is geographic data?
This asymmetrical security method uses a pair of keys—one shared with the world and one kept secret—to ensure that only the intended recipient can read a message.
What is Public Key Encryption?