The Internet
What does the term "URL" stand for in the context of the internet?
What is the difference between a bit and a byte in computer science?
In computer science, a bit is the smallest unit of digital information and can take on one of two values, usually represented as 0 or 1. A byte, on the other hand, is a unit of data consisting of eight bits.
What is the purpose of an algorithm in computer science?
Algorithms provide a systematic approach to problem-solving and are crucial in various areas of computer science, such as data analysis, artificial intelligence, and software development.
How many bits are needed to represent the numbers 0 to 7 in binary?
3 bits.
The type of control structure that can be used for making decisions in a program based on the value of a Boolean expression.
If statement
What is the purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS) in the internet infrastructure?
Turns domain names into IP addresses, which allow browsers to get to websites and other internet resources.
Explain the concept of binary numbers and their significance in computer systems.
Binary numbers are a base-2 number system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all values. In computer systems, binary numbers are of great significance as they form the basis for representing and manipulating data.
Explain the difference between a linear search and a binary search algorithm.
A linear search algorithm sequentially checks each element in a list, while a binary search algorithm divides the search space in half repeatedly. Linear search is simpler but less efficient, while binary search is more complex but more efficient, especially for large data sets. Binary search works only on sorted lists, while linear search works on unsorted lists as well.
RGB color values mimic the human eye by representing colors using 3 values of ____ bits each.
8
The process of placing a loop inside another loop.
Nesting
What is the key protocol that enables the transfer of web pages and other resources on the World Wide Web?
Whenever you visit a page on the web, your computer uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to download that page from another computer somewhere on the Internet.
Explain the concept of modular arithmetic and its applications in computer science.
Modular arithmetic is a mathematical concept that deals with numbers within a fixed range or modulus. In modular arithmetic, numbers "wrap around" when they reach the modulus value, creating a cyclic pattern of values.
Explain the concept of time complexity in algorithm analysis.
Time complexity is a measure of the amount of time an algorithm takes to run as a function of the input size. It provides an estimation of how the algorithm's execution time increases with larger input sizes.
What is piracy?
Piracy refers to the unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or use of copyrighted materials without the permission of the copyright holder.
The failure to create a correct condition that controls a repeat statement results in this type of programming error.
Infinite loop
What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS protocols in terms of security?
HTTPS is more secure than HTTP because it uses encryption to protect information as it is being sent between clients and servers.
Explain the concept of binary representation in computer systems and how it relates to data storage and processing.
Binary representation is a fundamental concept in computer systems, where data is stored and processed using only two symbols: 0 and 1. Computers use the binary system because it aligns well with the underlying electronic nature of computing devices, where the presence or absence of an electrical signal represents the 0 or 1 state.
The binary search algorithm makes this vital assumption about the list of data being considered.
The data is sorted.
Discuss the differences between lossy and lossless compression algorithms.
Lossless compression algorithms aim to reduce file size without any loss of data, while lossy compression algorithms achieve higher levels of compression by selectively discarding or approximating certain parts of the data.
The following code should display "even" if the positive number num is even.
IF (MISSING CONDITION)
DISPLAY ("EVEN")
Give a Boolean expression that could replace MISSING CONDITION
What is num MOD 2 == 0
Explain the concept of net neutrality and its significance in the context of the internet.
The concept of an open, equal internet for everyone, regardless of device, application or platform used and content consumed.
What is the difference between correlation and causation, and why is it important to distinguish between the two in data analysis?
Correlation refers to a statistical relationship between two variables, where a change in one variable is associated with a change in the other. However, correlation does not imply causation. Just because two variables are correlated does not mean that one variable causes the other.
Assuming that moveforward() tells a robot to move forward by 10 pixels and turnright() tells it to turn right by 90 degrees, this shape would be drawn by the following algorithm.
repeat 4 times
moveforward()
turnright()
A rectangle.
A computer program uses 3 bits to represent integers. When the program adds the decimal (base 10) numbers 5 and 3, the result is 0. Name the type of error that occurred.
Overflow error.
i <- 0
sum <- 0
REPEAT UNTIL i = 4
sum <- sum + i
i <- i + 1
DISPLAY (sum)
6